Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Vaccines (Basel). 2016 Jun 29;4(3):23. doi: 10.3390/vaccines4030023.
The interferon (IFN) induced anti-viral response is amongst the earliest and most potent of the innate responses to fight viral infection. The induction of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway by IFNs leads to the upregulation of hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) for which, many have the ability to rapidly kill viruses within infected cells. During the long course of evolution, viruses have evolved an extraordinary range of strategies to counteract the host immune responses in particular by targeting the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Understanding how the IFN system is inhibited has provided critical insights into viral virulence and pathogenesis. Moreover, identification of factors encoded by viruses that modulate the JAK/STAT pathway has opened up opportunities to create new anti-viral drugs and rationally attenuated new generation vaccines, particularly for RNA viruses, by reverse genetics.
干扰素 (IFN) 诱导的抗病毒反应是先天免疫反应中最早和最有效的反应之一，可抵抗病毒感染。IFNs 通过诱导 Janus 激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子 (JAK/STAT) 信号通路，导致数百种干扰素刺激基因 (ISGs) 的上调，其中许多基因具有在感染细胞内迅速杀死病毒的能力。在漫长的进化过程中，病毒进化出了一系列非凡的策略来对抗宿主的免疫反应，特别是通过靶向 JAK/STAT 信号通路。了解 IFN 系统如何被抑制为研究病毒的毒力和发病机制提供了重要的见解。此外，鉴定出由病毒编码的调节 JAK/STAT 通路的因子为开发新的抗病毒药物和通过反向遗传学合理减毒新一代疫苗，特别是针对 RNA 病毒，提供了机会。
