Lynn K L, Neale T J, Bailey R R, Little P J
N Z Med J. 1977 Dec 28;86(602):563-7.
Fifty-nine patients were seen with oliguria in 1975. Forty had acute renal failure (ARF) and 19 rapidly reversible oliguria (RR). The causes of the oliguria were medical (64%), surgical (27%) and obstetrical (9%). The following were valuable in the assessment of patients with oliguria: urine sodium concentration (UNa) and osmolality, coagulation studies and high dose intravenous urography. Patients presenting with a high UNa or a coagulation abnormality were more likely to have ARF. Central venous pressure monitoring was helpful in the initial management but the administration of diuretics was not. Twenty patients with ARF were treated conservatively and the remainder by dialysis. Infection was both the commonest complication of ARF and the most frequent cause of death. Seventy percent of those with ARF died. Death was more common in the elderly or patients with a medical aetiology. The mortality of ARF remains high in spite of advances in the management of its metabolic and infective complications because of the acceptance of more high risk patients. An improved awareness of the preventable causes of oliguria is apparent.
1975年有59例患者出现少尿。其中40例为急性肾衰竭（ARF），19例为快速可逆性少尿（RR）。少尿的原因包括内科（64%）、外科（27%）和产科（9%）。以下检查对少尿患者的评估有价值：尿钠浓度（UNa）和渗透压、凝血检查以及大剂量静脉肾盂造影。尿钠浓度高或有凝血异常的患者更有可能患有急性肾衰竭。中心静脉压监测在初始治疗中有帮助，但使用利尿剂并无作用。20例急性肾衰竭患者接受了保守治疗，其余患者接受了透析治疗。感染既是急性肾衰竭最常见的并发症，也是最常见的死亡原因。70%的急性肾衰竭患者死亡。尽管在代谢和感染并发症的治疗方面取得了进展，但由于接受了更多高危患者，急性肾衰竭的死亡率仍然很高。对少尿可预防原因的认识明显提高。
