Hayman A
Int J Psychoanal. 1989;70 ( Pt 1):105-14.
The term 'phantasy' may be used by psychoanalysts to mean an imaginative fulfillment of frustrated wishes, conscious or unconscious. This approximately condenses what is generally seen as Freud's main use of the term. It may also be used, inter alia, to denote the primary content of unconscious mental processes, as the mental representative and corollary of instinctual urges, and as based on or identical with Freud's postulated 'hallucinatory wish-fulfillment' and his 'primary introjection', which reflects Melanie Klein's extension of Freud's concept. The differences between the two notions were first clearly aired during the Controversial Discussions conducted by the British Psycho-Analytical Society during the war. This paper gives a necessarily abbreviated and incomplete account of some of the points made then, to give some detail of how widely the two notions differed. It then notes how the term 'phantasy' is still used for such widely differing notions: to indicate the problems that must exist, of what we mean and of how to communicate our ideas, if different people mean such different things by one technical term that is in constant use.
“幻想”一词可能被精神分析学家用来表示对受挫愿望的想象性满足，无论是有意识的还是无意识的。这大致概括了通常被视为弗洛伊德对该术语的主要用法。它还可能被用于，尤其是用来表示无意识心理过程的主要内容，作为本能冲动的心理表征和必然结果，并且基于或等同于弗洛伊德所假定的“幻觉性愿望满足”及其“原发性内摄”，这反映了梅兰妮·克莱因对弗洛伊德概念的扩展。这两种概念之间的差异首次在战争期间英国精神分析学会进行的争议性讨论中被清晰地提出。本文对当时提出的一些观点进行了必要的简略且不完整的阐述，以详细说明这两种概念的差异有多大。然后指出“幻想”一词仍被用于如此截然不同的概念：这表明如果不同的人对一个经常使用的专业术语有如此不同的理解，那么关于我们所指的意思以及如何传达我们的想法，必然存在问题。
