Machado Leandro Dos Santos, de Carvalho Esther Vilas Boas, Silva Flávia Varela de Affonseca E, Cabreira Pedro Vinícius Dos Santos, Franco Octavio Luiz
S-Inova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2017;17(5):520-536. doi: 10.2174/1568026616666160713123203.
The emergence of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has been become a major issue in the health system. Currently, studies are being performed to develop new drugs that can replace conventional antibiotics. These new drugs include the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a heterogeneous group of molecules produced in a variety of bacterial, invertebrate, plant and animal species, which can serve as a nonspecific defense system that complements the highly specific cell-mediated immune response. AMPs have antimicrobial activities against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and they are effective against pathogenic organisms that are resistant to common drugs. The most common mechanism of action of antibacterial peptides on microbial cells has been characterized as an alteration in the cellular membrane permeability. In contrast, there are AMPs with unusual strategies associated with cell wall and protein synthesis inhibition, nucleic acid binding or inactivation of toxins that enable microbial infection. Many pathogens can develop resistance strategies, inactivating or repelling AMPs through modification of the surface expression of pumps or secretion of proteases. In summary, this review focus on AMPs with non-conventional modes of actions and the microbial counter measures to resist these peptides.
细菌对传统抗生素产生耐药性已成为卫生系统中的一个主要问题。目前，正在开展研究以开发能够替代传统抗生素的新药。这些新药包括抗菌肽（AMPs），这是一类在多种细菌、无脊椎动物、植物和动物物种中产生的异质分子，可作为一种非特异性防御系统，补充高度特异性的细胞介导免疫反应。抗菌肽对包括细菌、真菌和病毒在内的多种微生物具有抗菌活性，并且对耐常用药物的致病生物有效。抗菌肽作用于微生物细胞最常见的作用机制已被确定为细胞膜通透性的改变。相比之下，有些抗菌肽具有与细胞壁和蛋白质合成抑制、核酸结合或使微生物感染的毒素失活相关的不同寻常的策略。许多病原体可以制定耐药策略，通过改变泵的表面表达或分泌蛋白酶来使抗菌肽失活或排斥抗菌肽。总之，本综述聚焦于具有非常规作用模式的抗菌肽以及微生物抵抗这些肽的应对措施。
