Okun Barbara S
a The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Popul Stud (Camb). 2016 Jul;70(2):239-57. doi: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1195913.
Secular, native-born Jews in Israel enjoy the socio-economic status of many affluent populations living in other democratic countries, but have above-replacement period and cohort fertility. This study revealed a constellation of interrelated factors which together characterize the socio-economic, cultural, and political environment of this fertility behaviour and set it apart from that of other advanced societies. The factors are: a combination of state and family support for childbearing; a dual emphasis on the social importance of women's employment and fertility; policies that support working mothers within a conservative welfare regime; a family system in which parents provide significant financial and caregiving aid to their adult children; relatively egalitarian gender-role attitudes and household behaviour; the continuing importance of familist ideology and of marriage as a social institution; the role of Jewish nationalism and collective behaviour in a religious society characterized by ethno-national conflict; and a discourse which defines women as the biological reproducers of the nation. Supplementary material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2016.1195913.
以色列土生土长的世俗犹太人享有与其他民主国家许多富裕人口相当的社会经济地位，但他们的总和生育率和队列生育率高于更替水平。本研究揭示了一系列相互关联的因素，这些因素共同刻画了这种生育行为的社会经济、文化和政治环境，并使其有别于其他发达社会。这些因素包括：国家和家庭对生育的支持相结合；对女性就业和生育的社会重要性的双重强调；在保守福利制度下支持职业母亲的政策；父母为成年子女提供大量经济和照料援助的家庭体系；相对平等的性别角色态度和家庭行为；家族主义意识形态以及婚姻作为一种社会制度的持续重要性；犹太民族主义和集体行为在一个以民族冲突为特征的宗教社会中的作用；以及一种将女性定义为国家生物繁殖者的话语。本文的补充材料可在以下网址获取：http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2016.1195913 。
