Seeliger Claudine, Balmayor Elizabeth R, van Griensven Martijn
Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich, Germany .
Stem Cells Dev. 2016 Sep 1;25(17):1261-81. doi: 10.1089/scd.2016.0133. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
miRNAs as non-coding, short, double-stranded RNA segments are important for cellular biological functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. miRNAs mainly contribute to the inhibition of important protein translations through their cleavage or direct repression of target messenger RNAs expressions. In the last decade, miRNAs got in the focus of interest with new publications on miRNAs in the context of different diseases. For many types of cancer or myocardial damage, typical signatures of local or systemically circulating miRNAs have already been described. However, little is known about miRNA expressions and their molecular effect in skeletal diseases. An overview of published studies reporting miRNAs detection linked with skeletal diseases was conducted. All regulated miRNAs were summarized and their molecular interactions were illustrated. This review summarizes the involvement and interaction of miRNAs in different skeletal diseases. Thereby, 59 miRNAs were described to be deregulated in tissue, cells, or in the circulation of osteoarthritis (OA), 23 miRNAs deregulated in osteoporosis, and 107 miRNAs deregulated in osteosarcoma (OS). The molecular influences of miRNAs regarding OA, osteoporosis, and OS were illustrated. Specific miRNA signatures for skeletal diseases are described in the literature. Some overlapped, but also unique ones for each disease exist. These miRNAs may present useful targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches and are candidates for diagnostic evaluations.
微小RNA（miRNA）作为非编码的短双链RNA片段，对细胞生物学功能如增殖、分化和凋亡具有重要意义。miRNA主要通过切割或直接抑制靶信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的表达来抑制重要蛋白质的翻译。在过去十年中，随着关于miRNA在不同疾病背景下的新出版物问世，miRNA成为了研究热点。对于许多类型的癌症或心肌损伤，局部或全身循环miRNA的典型特征已经被描述。然而，关于miRNA在骨骼疾病中的表达及其分子效应却知之甚少。我们对已发表的有关与骨骼疾病相关的miRNA检测的研究进行了综述。总结了所有受调控的miRNA，并阐述了它们的分子相互作用。本综述总结了miRNA在不同骨骼疾病中的参与情况和相互作用。由此可知，在骨关节炎（OA）的组织、细胞或循环中，有59种miRNA被描述为失调；在骨质疏松症中有23种miRNA失调；在骨肉瘤（OS）中有107种miRNA失调。阐述了miRNA对OA、骨质疏松症和OS的分子影响。文献中描述了骨骼疾病的特定miRNA特征。每种疾病都存在一些重叠的特征，但也有独特的特征。这些miRNA可能为新治疗方法的开发提供有用的靶点，并且是诊断评估的候选对象。
