Kurudirek Murat
a Faculty of Science, Department of Physics , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2016 Sep;92(9):508-20. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206225. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
To compare some biological materials in respect to the water and tissue equivalence properties for photon, electron, proton and alpha particle interactions as means of the effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Ne).
A Z-wise interpolation procedure has been adopted for calculation of Zeff using the mass attenuation coefficients for photons and the mass stopping powers for charged particles.
At relatively low energies (100 keV-3 MeV), Zeff and Ne for photons and electrons were found to be constant while they vary much more for protons and alpha particles. In contrast, Zeff and Ne for protons and alpha particles were found to be constant after 3 MeV whereas for photons and electrons they were found to increase with the increasing energy. Also, muscle eq. liquid (with sucrose) have Zeff and Ne values close to the Muscle Skeletal (ICRP) and Muscle Striated (ICRU) within low relative differences below 9%. Muscle eq. liquid (without sucrose) have Zeff and Ne values close to the Muscle Skeletal (ICRP) and Muscle Striated (ICRU) with difference below 10%.
The reported data should be useful in determining best water as well as tissue equivalent materials for photon, electron, proton and alpha particle interactions.
通过有效原子序数（Zeff）和电子密度（Ne），比较光子、电子、质子和α粒子相互作用下的一些生物材料的水等效和组织等效特性。
采用按原子序数（Z）插值的方法，利用光子的质量衰减系数和带电粒子的质量阻止本领计算Zeff。
在相对较低能量（100 keV - 3 MeV）时，光子和电子的Zeff和Ne保持恒定，而质子和α粒子的变化则大得多。相反，质子和α粒子的Zeff和Ne在3 MeV之后保持恒定，而光子和电子的Zeff和Ne则随能量增加而增大。此外，肌肉等效液体（含蔗糖）的Zeff和Ne值与骨骼肌肉（ICRP）和横纹肌（ICRU）接近，相对差异低于9%。肌肉等效液体（不含蔗糖）的Zeff和Ne值与骨骼肌肉（ICRP）和横纹肌（ICRU）接近，差异低于10%。
所报道的数据有助于确定光子、电子、质子和α粒子相互作用的最佳水等效和组织等效材料。
