“深水地平线”漏油及分散剂对牡蛎（弗吉尼亚牡蛎）幼虫的致死和亚致死效应
Lethal and sub-lethal effects of Deepwater Horizon slick oil and dispersant on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae.
作者信息
Vignier J, Soudant P, Chu F L E, Morris J M, Carney M W, Lay C R, Krasnec M O, Robert R, Volety A K
机构信息
Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France; Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA.
Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539-LEMAR), IUEM-UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
出版信息
Mar Environ Res. 2016 Sep;120:20-31. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Jul 6.
In April 2010, crude oil was spilled from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil platform for 87 days, coincident with the spawning season and recruitment of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the Gulf of Mexico. Impacts of acute exposures to surface-collected DWH oil (HEWAF), dispersed oil (CEWAF) and dispersant alone (Corexit 9500A(®)) on planktonic larval stages of C. virginica (veliger, umbo and pediveliger) were tested in the laboratory. Exposures to HEWAF, CEWAF and dispersant were toxic to larvae impairing growth, settlement success and ultimately survival. Larval growth and settlement were reduced at concentrations of tPAH50 ranging from 1.7 to 106 μg L(-1) for HEWAF and 1.1-35 μg L(-1) for CEWAF, concentrations well within the range of water sampled during the DWH oil spill. Sublethal effects induced by oil and dispersant could have significant ecological implications on oyster populations and on the whole estuarine ecosystem.
2010年4月，“深水地平线”（DWH）石油平台发生原油泄漏，持续了87天，这与墨西哥湾弗吉尼亚牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）的产卵季节和补充期相重合。在实验室中测试了急性暴露于从海面采集的DWH原油（HEWAF）、分散油（CEWAF）和单独的分散剂（Corexit 9500A®）对弗吉尼亚牡蛎浮游幼虫阶段（面盘幼虫、壳顶幼虫和足面盘幼虫）的影响。暴露于HEWAF、CEWAF和分散剂对幼虫有毒，会损害其生长、附着成功率并最终影响生存。对于HEWAF，当总石油烃（tPAH50）浓度在1.7至106 μg L⁻¹范围内，以及对于CEWAF在1.1 - 35 μg L⁻¹范围内时，幼虫的生长和附着会减少，这些浓度完全在DWH石油泄漏期间采集的水样范围内。石油和分散剂引起的亚致死效应可能对牡蛎种群以及整个河口生态系统产生重大的生态影响。
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