Núñez Christian, Ochoa Susana, Huerta-Ramos Elena, Baños Iris, Barajas Ana, Dolz Montserrat, Sánchez Bernardo, Del Cacho Núria, Usall Judith
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Compr Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;69:169-78. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.017. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
Substance use in psychosis is an important field of study given that it can be a risk factor for the development of psychosis and can give rise to psychotic symptoms. Studies of substance use in first episode psychosis patients do not frequently assess non-pathological substance consumption among patients, but rather the prevalence of substance abuse or dependence disorders. Moreover, most of these studies do not address the effects of sex in sufficient depth, and the consumption of caffeine or tobacco, which are two of the most frequently used substances, is often not assessed.
The aim of this study was to compare patterns and quantities of substance use between first episode psychosis patients and healthy controls and between men and women, and explore the potential interactive effects between group (patients or controls) and sex.
A total of 158 participants (82 first episode psychosis patients and 76 healthy controls) were included in the study. Both adults and adolescents were included in the study. Frequency and amount of use of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, stimulants, and opiates were gathered.
A significant main effect of sex was found for the frequency of use of tobacco (p=.050). Main effects of group were found for the quantity of tobacco (p<.001) and cannabis (p<.001) consumed, as well as main effects of sex for the quantity of alcohol (p=.003) and cannabis (p=.017) consumed. There were also interaction effects between group and sex for the frequency of use of tobacco (p=.005) and cannabis (p=.009), and for the amount of cannabis consumed (p=.049). Qualitative differences between males and females regarding combined substance use are also reported.
Among patients, men used tobacco more frequently than women, but this sex difference was not the same for the control group, in which women smoked more often than men. Regarding cannabis, men smoked cannabis more frequently and in larger amounts than women, but only in the patients group, whereas no sex differences for cannabis were found for the controls. Main effects of group and sex for tobacco and alcohol, as well as the lack of differences for the frequency and amount of use of caffeine, are also commented. This is the first study to assess the different effects of sex on substance use in first episode psychosis patients and healthy controls.
鉴于物质使用可能是精神病发展的一个风险因素，并可能引发精神病症状，精神病中的物质使用是一个重要的研究领域。对首发精神病患者物质使用的研究通常不经常评估患者的非病理性物质消费，而是物质滥用或依赖障碍的患病率。此外，这些研究大多没有足够深入地探讨性别影响，而且咖啡因或烟草这两种最常用物质的消费情况往往未被评估。
本研究的目的是比较首发精神病患者与健康对照者之间以及男性与女性之间物质使用的模式和数量，并探讨组（患者或对照）与性别之间潜在的交互作用。
本研究共纳入158名参与者（82名首发精神病患者和76名健康对照者）。研究纳入了成年人和青少年。收集了咖啡因、烟草、酒精、大麻、可卡因、致幻剂、兴奋剂和阿片类药物的使用频率和使用量。
发现性别对烟草使用频率有显著的主效应（p = 0.050）。发现组对烟草（p < 0.001）和大麻（p < 0.001）的消费量有主效应，性别对酒精（p = 0.003）和大麻（p = 0.017）的消费量也有主效应。在烟草（p = 0.005）和大麻（p = 0.009）的使用频率以及大麻的消费量（p = 0.049）方面，组与性别之间也存在交互作用。还报告了男性和女性在联合物质使用方面的定性差异。
在患者中，男性比女性更频繁地使用烟草，但对照组的这种性别差异不同，对照组中女性吸烟比男性更频繁。关于大麻，男性比女性更频繁且大量地吸食大麻，但仅在患者组中如此，而对照组中未发现大麻使用的性别差异。还对组和性别对烟草和酒精的主效应以及咖啡因使用频率和使用量缺乏差异进行了评论。这是第一项评估性别对首发精神病患者和健康对照者物质使用不同影响的研究。
