Santillo A, Caroprese M, Marino R, Sevi A, Albenzio M
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2016 Oct;99(10):7725-7732. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11209. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of protein level and flaxseed supplementation on the yield and quality of buffalo milk. In particular, the fatty acid profile of milk from buffalo cows subjected to different diets has been investigated. A 2×3 factorial design was tested with buffalo cows receiving 2 dietary crude protein (CP) and 3 flaxseed (FS) supplementation levels. Treatments were (1) low dietary CP level [12% of dry matter (DM)] and no flaxseed supplementation (LP); (2) low dietary CP level (12% of DM) and low flaxseed supplementation (500g/d) (LPFS500); (3) low dietary CP level (12% of DM) and moderate flaxseed supplementation (1,000g/d) (LPFS1000); (4) moderate dietary CP level (15% of DM) and no flaxseed supplementation (MP); (5) moderate dietary CP level (15% of DM) and low flaxseed supplementation (500g/d) (MPFS500); and (6) moderate dietary CP level (15% of DM) and moderate flaxseed supplementation (1,000g/d) (MPFS1000). Milk protein and casein were affected by flaxseed supplementation being higher in MP, intermediate in LP, and lower in flaxseed-supplemented diets. However, the results from the present study highlighted that low protein diets sustained milk yield, protein, and casein synthesis in milk when whole flaxseed was administered. Short-chain fatty acids, in particular C8:0 and C10:0, were the lowest in milk from buffalo cows fed the highest level of flaxseed supplementation. Medium-chain fatty acids were the lowest in FS1000, intermediate in FS500, and the highest in the HP and LP groups. Long-chain fatty acids were the highest in FS1000, intermediate in FS500 groups, and the lowest in milk from buffalo receiving no flaxseed supplementation. Protein level of the diet influenced the percentage of C18:0, which was higher in MP than LP groups. Total conjugated linoleic acid content evidenced the same trend of long-chain fatty acids, with an increase of about 7% in FL500 and of 22% in FL1000 than the control. Apart from protein level of the diet, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and n-6/n-3 were the lowest in FS1000 groups; thrombogenic index and n-6/n-3 were intermediate in milk from animals receiving FS500. Nutritional value of the acidic profile in buffalo milk is influenced by flaxseed supplementation, and its improvement reflects the level of dietary flaxseed supplementation.
本研究的目的是评估蛋白质水平和添加亚麻籽对水牛奶产量和品质的影响。特别地，对不同饮食的水牛所产牛奶的脂肪酸谱进行了研究。采用2×3析因设计，给水牛饲喂2种日粮粗蛋白（CP）水平和3种亚麻籽（FS）添加水平。处理组分别为：（1）低日粮CP水平[干物质（DM）的12%]且不添加亚麻籽（LP）；（2）低日粮CP水平（DM的12%）且低亚麻籽添加量（500g/d）（LPFS500）；（3）低日粮CP水平（DM的12%）且中等亚麻籽添加量（1000g/d）（LPFS1000）；（4）中等日粮CP水平（DM的15%）且不添加亚麻籽（MP）；（5）中等日粮CP水平（DM的15%）且低亚麻籽添加量（500g/d）（MPFS500）；以及（6）中等日粮CP水平（DM的15%）且中等亚麻籽添加量（1000g/d）（MPFS1000）。牛奶蛋白和酪蛋白受亚麻籽添加的影响，MP组含量较高，LP组居中，添加亚麻籽的日粮组较低。然而，本研究结果表明，当饲喂全亚麻籽时，低蛋白日粮能维持水牛奶产量、蛋白质和酪蛋白的合成。短链脂肪酸，尤其是C8:0和C10:0，在亚麻籽添加量最高的水牛所产牛奶中含量最低。中链脂肪酸在FS1000组中最低，FS500组居中，HP和LP组中最高。长链脂肪酸在FS1000组中最高，FS500组居中，不添加亚麻籽的水牛所产牛奶中最低。日粮的蛋白质水平影响C18:~0的百分比，MP组高于LP组。总共轭亚油酸含量呈现与长链脂肪酸相同的趋势，FL500组比对照组增加约7%，FL1000组增加22%。除日粮蛋白质水平外，FS1000组的致动脉粥样化指数、血栓形成指数和n-6/n-3最低；接受FS500的动物所产牛奶的血栓形成指数和n-6/n-3居中。水牛奶中脂肪酸谱的营养价值受亚麻籽添加的影响，其改善反映了日粮亚麻籽的添加水平。
