Hyc Anna, Moskalewski Stanislaw, Osiecka-Iwan Anna
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, PL-02004 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Med. 2016 Sep;38(3):937-42. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2684. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
Articular cartilage and the synovial membrane both ensure the smooth action of synovial joints; however, the influence of chondrocytes on synovial metabolism remains unclear. The secretory activity of chondrocytes is usually studied in cell cultures and may differ from that in intact cartilage. According to McCutchen's theory of 'weeping' joint lubrication, loading of the articular cartilage during motion squeezes the fluid with lubricating properties from the cartilage. The purpose of the study was to obtain cartilage interstitial fluid (CIF) from intact cartilage and to evaluate its influence on gene expression in the synovial membrane cells. CIF was rinsed out from the cartilage of newborn rats at a pressure of three bar. The chondrocytes survived rinsing and grew in culture. Cytokines in CIF were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The influence of CIF and CIF-like cocktail (all cytokines found in CIF) on gene expression in the synovial membrane cells was studied after a 4 h-incubation, by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched-pair test or by the Mann‑Whitney U test. CIF contained basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)‑1, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), macrophage (M)-colony-stimulating factor (CSF), granulocyte (G)-CSF and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). CIF stimulated the expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS)1 and 2, lubricin, collagen I, versican, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)2 and 3, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) 1-3, interleukin (IL)-6 and TGFβ1, and decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1β. Incubation of the synovial membrane with CIF-like cocktail partially imitated the effects of CIF. Analysis of CIF composition may help to characterize the secretory activity of chondrocytes in their natural environment under various physiological and pathological conditions and to understand the interactions between articular cartilage and the synovial membrane.
关节软骨和滑膜共同确保滑膜关节的顺畅活动；然而，软骨细胞对滑膜代谢的影响仍不明确。软骨细胞的分泌活性通常在细胞培养中进行研究，可能与完整软骨中的情况有所不同。根据麦卡琴的“渗液”关节润滑理论，运动过程中关节软骨的负荷会将具有润滑特性的液体从软骨中挤出。本研究的目的是从完整软骨中获取软骨间质液（CIF），并评估其对滑膜细胞基因表达的影响。在三巴压力下从新生大鼠的软骨中冲洗出CIF。软骨细胞在冲洗后存活并在培养中生长。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测CIF中的细胞因子。在4小时孵育后，通过实时PCR研究CIF和CIF样混合物（CIF中发现的所有细胞因子）对滑膜细胞基因表达的影响。使用Wilcoxon配对检验或Mann-Whitney U检验分析数据。CIF含有碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）-1、转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1）、骨形态发生蛋白7（BMP7）、巨噬细胞（M）-集落刺激因子（CSF）、粒细胞（G）-CSF和白血病抑制因子（LIF）。CIF刺激透明质酸合酶（HAS）1和2、润滑蛋白、胶原蛋白I、多功能蛋白聚糖、聚集蛋白聚糖、基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）2和3、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMPs）1-3、白细胞介素（IL）-6和TGFβ1的表达，并降低肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和IL-1β的表达。用CIF样混合物孵育滑膜可部分模拟CIF的作用。分析CIF的成分可能有助于表征软骨细胞在各种生理和病理条件下自然环境中的分泌活性，并有助于理解关节软骨与滑膜之间的相互作用。
