Sun J T, Pan L L, Zhan Yu, Tsang Daniel C W, Zhu L Z, Li X D
Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Environ Geochem Health. 2017 Apr;39(2):369-378. doi: 10.1007/s10653-016-9853-x. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
Atrazine is one of the most widely applied and persistent herbicides in the world. In view of limited information on the regional contamination of atrazine in soils in China, this study investigated the spatial distribution and environmental impacts of atrazine in agricultural soils collected from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an illustrative analysis of rapidly developing regions in the country. The results showed that the concentrations of atrazine in the YRD agricultural soils ranged from <1.0 to 113 ng/g dry weight, with a mean of 5.7 ng/g, and a detection rate of 57.7 % in soils. Pesticide factory might be a major source for the elevated levels of atrazine in Zhejiang Province. The contamination of atrazine was closely associated with land use types. The concentrations and detection rates of atrazine were higher in corn fields and mulberry fields than in rice paddy fields. There was no significant difference in compositions of soil microbial phospholipids fatty acids among the areas with different atrazine levels. Positive relationship (R = 0.417, p < 0.05, n = 30) was observed between atrazine and total microbial biomass. However, other factors, such as soil type and land management practice, might have stronger influences on soil microbial communities. Human health risks via exposure to atrazine in soils were estimated according to the methods recommended by the US EPA. Atrazine by itself in all the soil samples imposed very low carcinogenic risks (<10) and minimal non-cancer risks (hazard index <1) to adults and children.
阿特拉津是世界上应用最广泛且残留性强的除草剂之一。鉴于中国土壤中阿特拉津区域污染的信息有限，本研究调查了长江三角洲地区农业土壤中阿特拉津的空间分布及其环境影响，以此作为对该国快速发展地区的典型分析。结果表明，长江三角洲地区农业土壤中阿特拉津的浓度范围为<1.0至113纳克/克干重，平均值为5.7纳克/克，土壤中的检出率为57.7%。农药厂可能是浙江省阿特拉津含量升高的主要来源。阿特拉津的污染与土地利用类型密切相关。玉米地和桑园土壤中阿特拉津的浓度和检出率高于稻田。不同阿特拉津含量区域的土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸组成无显著差异。阿特拉津与微生物总生物量之间存在正相关关系（R = 0.417，p < 0.05，n = 30）。然而，其他因素，如土壤类型和土地管理措施，可能对土壤微生物群落有更强的影响。根据美国环境保护局推荐的方法，估算了通过接触土壤中阿特拉津对人类健康造成的风险。所有土壤样品中的阿特拉津本身对成人和儿童造成的致癌风险极低（<10），非致癌风险极小（危害指数<1）。
