Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2016 Apr;14:12-16. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.11.006. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
Competition for limited resources is a widespread ecological interaction in animals. In the case of insect parasitoids, species can compete for host resources both at the adult stage as well as at the larval stage. Interspecific competition can play a role in sizing and shaping community structures. In addition of being relevant for basic ecological studies, understanding how interspecific competition between parasitoids affects pest suppression is important for biological control. In this opinion paper we review recent advances in the field of interspecific competition among parasitoids in a biological control perspective. We first discuss adult competition, highlighting which factors are likely to play a role in the outcome of competition when adults interact either directly or indirectly. Then we focus on the interactions occurring between competing larvae that develop within the same host taking also into account the fitness consequences of competition for the larva surviving interspecific competition. We also explore the possibility of interspecific facilitation among parasitoids in those situations in which a given species may benefit from interspecific competition.
竞争有限的资源是动物中广泛存在的生态相互作用。在昆虫寄生蜂的情况下，物种可以在成虫阶段和幼虫阶段争夺宿主资源。种间竞争可以在大小和塑造群落结构方面发挥作用。除了对基础生态研究具有重要意义外，了解寄生蜂之间的种间竞争如何影响害虫的抑制对于生物防治也很重要。在本观点论文中，我们回顾了从生物防治角度研究寄生蜂之间种间竞争的最新进展。我们首先讨论了成虫竞争，强调了当成虫直接或间接相互作用时，哪些因素可能会影响竞争的结果。然后，我们将重点放在同一宿主内发育的竞争幼虫之间的相互作用上，同时还考虑了竞争对幸存于种间竞争的幼虫的适应度后果。我们还探讨了在某些情况下，寄生蜂之间可能存在种间促进作用的可能性，即在这种情况下，某一特定物种可能会从种间竞争中受益。
