Christensen Peter M, Bangsbo Jens
Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark; Team Danmark (Danish Elite Sport Organization)Copenhagen, Denmark.
Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark.
Front Physiol. 2016 Jun 28;7:269. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00269. eCollection 2016.
Athletes in intense endurance sports (e.g., 4000-m track cycling) often perform maximally (~4 min) twice a day due to qualifying and finals being placed on the same day. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate repeated performance on the same day in a competitive setting (part A) and the influence from prior intense exercise on subsequent performance and physiological response to moderate and maximal exercise with and without the use of cold water immersion (CWI) in recovery (part B). In part A, performance times during eight World championships for male track cyclists were extracted from the qualifying and final races in 4000-m individual pursuit. In part B, twelve trained cyclists with an average (±SD) ⩒O2-peak of 67 ± 5 mL/min/kg performed a protocol mimicking a qualifying race (QUAL) followed 3 h later by a performance test (PT) with each exercise period encompassing intense exercise for ~4 min preceded by an identical warm-up period in both a control setting (CON) and using cold water immersion in recovery (CWI; 15 min at 15°C). Performance was lowered (P < 0.001) from qualification to finals (259 ± 3 vs. 261 ± 3 s) for the track cyclists during World championships in part A. In part B, mean power in PT was not different in CWI relative to CON (406 ± 43 vs. 405 ± 38 W). Peak ⩒O2 (5.04 ± 0.50 vs. 5.00 ± 0.49 L/min) and blood lactate (13 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 3 mmol/L) did not differ between QUAL and PT and cycling economy and potassium handling was not impaired by prior intense exercise. In conclusion, performance is reduced with repeated maximal exercise in world-class track cyclists during 4000-m individual pursuit lasting ~4 min, however prior intense exercise do not appear to impair peak ⩒O2, peak lactate, cycling economy, or potassium handling in trained cyclists and CWI in recovery does not improve subsequent performance.
参加高强度耐力运动（如4000米场地自行车赛）的运动员，由于资格赛和决赛在同一天进行，常常一天内进行两次最大强度（约4分钟）的比赛。本研究的目的是评估在竞技环境下同一天内的重复表现（A部分），以及在恢复过程中，之前的高强度运动对随后的表现以及对中等强度和最大强度运动的生理反应的影响，同时探究有无使用冷水浸泡（CWI）（B部分）。在A部分，从男子场地自行车运动员的八次世界锦标赛的4000米个人追逐赛的资格赛和决赛中提取成绩时间。在B部分，12名训练有素的自行车运动员，平均（±标准差）最大摄氧量为67±5毫升/分钟/千克，先进行一次模拟资格赛（QUAL），3小时后进行一次性能测试（PT），每个运动阶段包括约4分钟的高强度运动，之前在对照环境（CON）和恢复过程中使用冷水浸泡（CWI；15℃下15分钟）的情况下都有相同的热身阶段。在A部分的世界锦标赛中，场地自行车运动员从资格赛到决赛的成绩下降（P<0.001）（259±3秒对261±3秒）。在B部分，CWI组PT的平均功率与CON组相比无差异（406±43瓦对405±38瓦）。QUAL和PT之间的最大摄氧量峰值（5.04±0.50升/分钟对5.00±0.49升/分钟）和血乳酸（13±3毫摩尔/升对14±3毫摩尔/升）无差异，且先前的高强度运动未损害骑行经济性和钾代谢。总之，在持续约4分钟的4000米个人追逐赛中，世界级场地自行车运动员重复进行最大强度运动时成绩会下降，然而先前的高强度运动似乎并未损害训练有素的自行车运动员的最大摄氧量峰值、血乳酸峰值、骑行经济性或钾代谢，并且恢复过程中的CWI并未改善随后的表现。
