Jha Timir Baran, Saha Partha Sarathi
PG Department of Botany, Barasat Government College, Barasat, Kolkata, 700124, West Bengal, India.
Center of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India.
Protoplasma. 2017 Mar;254(2):921-933. doi: 10.1007/s00709-016-1001-z. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
The North Eastern Himalayan (NEH) regions of India are considered as one of the major repositories of the "Capsicum annuum complex" which comprises of three cultivated species namely C. annuum, C. frutescens, and C. chinense. The interspecific delimitation within this large complex is ill-defined due to poorly developed crossing barriers and lack of discontinuous morphological characters. The present study elucidates the relationship among nine different cultivars of three Capsicum species on the basis of floral morphology and karyological parameters for the first time. Different floral characteristics such as margins and constrictions of calyx, type of pedicel, flower size, and color were found to have paramount importance in the species delimitation within the studied members of "C. annuum complex." The present karyomorphometric study explicitly revealed differences between the observed chromosomal data such as karyotype formulae, ordering of satellite bearing chromosome pairs and total diploid chromatin length which aid in resolving interspecific relationship among the studied cultivars of Capsicum. The present analyses unambiguously distinguished all cultivars of C. annuum from the members of C. frutescens and C. chinense and also proposed that among the five cultivars of C. annuum, Ghee lanka was comparatively distant from the other four cultivars on the basis of their karyomorphological characteristics. For the first time karyotype of hottest Indian chili is included in this paper. Comprehensive knowledge on floral morphology and karyotypes of some Himalayan Capsicums not only help to conserve genetic diversity but also help capsicum breeders for their basic and applied research.
印度喜马拉雅山脉东北部（NEH）地区被认为是“辣椒复合体”的主要储存地之一，该复合体包含三个栽培种，即辣椒（C. annuum）、灌木状辣椒（C. frutescens）和中国辣椒（C. chinense）。由于杂交障碍发育不良且缺乏不连续的形态特征，这个大型复合体中的种间界定不明确。本研究首次基于花形态学和核型参数阐明了三种辣椒九个不同品种之间的关系。发现不同的花特征，如萼片的边缘和缢缩、花梗类型、花大小和颜色，在“辣椒复合体”研究成员的种间界定中至关重要。目前的核型测量研究明确揭示了观察到的染色体数据之间的差异，如核型公式、具随体染色体对的排序和总二倍体染色质长度，这有助于解决所研究辣椒品种之间的种间关系。本分析明确区分了所有辣椒品种与灌木状辣椒和中国辣椒的成员，还提出在五个辣椒品种中，根据其核型形态特征，“Ghee lanka”与其他四个品种相比相对较远。本文首次纳入了最辣的印度辣椒的核型。关于一些喜马拉雅辣椒的花形态学和核型的全面知识不仅有助于保护遗传多样性，也有助于辣椒育种者进行基础和应用研究。
