Wajs-Bonikowska Anna, Smeds Annika, Willför Stefan
Institute of General Food Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Biotechnology and Food Science, Stefanowksiego 4/10, PL-90-924, Łódź.
Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, SF-20500, Åbo.
Chem Biodivers. 2016 Sep;13(9):1194-1201. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201600014. Epub 2016 Sep 4.
The chemical content and composition of the lipophilic extracts from seeds of some fir species: Abies alba, A. cephalonica, A. concolor, and A. koreana, as well as of a few spruce species: Picea abies, P. orientalis, and P. pungens, were examined. The amount of lipophilic extractives is diverse among the tree species and it varies from 9.8% to 41% of seeds. The chemical characterization showed significant differences, not only in the content, but also in the composition of extractives. However, most of the identified compounds like resin alcohols, -aldehydes, and -acids, as well as fatty acids, were detected in the seed extracts of all the examined tree species. The dominating identified compound group was esterified fatty acids (2.5 - 55.4% w/w of dry extract), occurring mainly as tri- and diglycerides, as well as free acids. The main representatives of this group were linoleic and oleic acids. The resin acids, among which the main were abietic, neoabietic, dehydroabietic, and palustric acids, were also detected at high levels, from 1.8% to 16.9% of the dry seed extracts. Phytosterols, tocopherols, resin hydrocarbons, and resin esters, as well as fatty alcohols were also identified. The coniferous tree seeds, as a renewable natural material, could represent a prospective raw material for producing valuable chemicals.
对一些冷杉属物种种子的亲脂性提取物的化学含量和成分进行了研究，这些冷杉物种包括欧洲冷杉、希腊冷杉、北美冷杉和朝鲜冷杉，同时还研究了一些云杉属物种种子的亲脂性提取物，这些云杉物种包括欧洲云杉、东方云杉和科罗拉多云杉。不同树种种子中亲脂性提取物的含量各不相同，占种子重量的9.8%至41%不等。化学表征显示，不仅提取物的含量存在显著差异，其成分也有显著差异。然而，在所有被检测树种的种子提取物中，都检测到了大多数已鉴定的化合物，如树脂醇、醛类、酸类以及脂肪酸。已鉴定的主要化合物组是酯化脂肪酸（占干提取物重量的2.5 - 55.4%），主要以甘油三酯和甘油二酯以及游离酸的形式存在。该组的主要代表是亚油酸和油酸。树脂酸（其中主要是枞酸、新枞酸、去氢枞酸和沼泽酸）在干种子提取物中的含量也较高，占1.8%至16.9%。还鉴定出了植物甾醇、生育酚、树脂烃、树脂酯以及脂肪醇。针叶树种子作为一种可再生的天然材料，可能成为生产有价值化学品的潜在原料。
