Berry M W, Danish S J, Rinke W J, Smiciklas-Wright H
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1989 Jul;89(7):914-20, 923.
A Goal Attainment Scaling procedure was used to quantify and evaluate change in nutrition-related behaviors of participants in a work-site wellness program. Goal Attainment Scaling is a procedure for quantifying change over time, in five categories varying from "less than expected" success to "more than expected" success. The sample consisted of 60 enlisted military personnel who had indicated, on a screening questionnaire, their desire to improve dietary practices. The subjects were assigned to three groups but remained unaware throughout the study that nutrition was being investigated. The Goal-Setting/Goal Attainment group (GSGA, no. = 19) received a full 8-week health promotion program, based on goal-setting, fitness information, and skill development (12 sessions). The Goal-Setting group (GS, no. = 19) received only the part of the program that focused on setting goals (two sessions). The control group (no. = 22) received no instruction. Results from analysis of variance indicated that GSGA had significantly higher "Change Scores" in nutrition-related behaviors than the control group (p less than .05); "Change Scores" reflect degree of dietary improvement. Frequency data indicate that dietary improvements were sustained for 84% of the GSGA members, 64% of the GS members, and 37% in the control group. These findings suggest goal-setting skills enhance individuals' capabilities for making and maintaining improvements in nutrition-related behaviors.
采用目标达成量表程序对工作场所健康计划参与者营养相关行为的变化进行量化和评估。目标达成量表是一种对随时间变化进行量化的程序，分为从“低于预期”成功到“高于预期”成功的五个类别。样本包括60名应征军事人员，他们在筛查问卷上表示希望改善饮食习惯。受试者被分为三组，但在整个研究过程中都不知道正在对营养进行调查。目标设定/目标达成组（GSGA，n = 19）接受了为期8周的全面健康促进计划，该计划基于目标设定、健康信息和技能发展（共12节课程）。目标设定组（GS，n = 19）只接受了该计划中专注于设定目标的部分（两节课程）。对照组（n = 22）未接受任何指导。方差分析结果表明，GSGA组在营养相关行为方面的“变化分数”显著高于对照组（p < 0.05）；“变化分数”反映饮食改善程度。频率数据表明，84%的GSGA组成员、64%的GS组成员和37%的对照组人员的饮食改善得以持续。这些发现表明，目标设定技能可增强个体在营养相关行为方面做出并维持改善的能力。
