Valentino Sarah A, Tarrade Anne, Aioun Josiane, Mourier Eve, Richard Christophe, Dahirel Michèle, Rousseau-Ralliard Delphine, Fournier Natalie, Aubrière Marie-Christine, Lallemand Marie-Sylvie, Camous Sylvaine, Guinot Marine, Charlier Madia, Aujean Etienne, Al Adhami Hala, Fokkens Paul H, Agier Lydiane, Boere John A, Cassee Flemming R, Slama Rémy, Chavatte-Palmer Pascale
UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.
PremUp Foundation, Paris, France.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2016 Jul 26;13(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12989-016-0151-7.
Airborne pollution is a rising concern in urban areas. Epidemiological studies in humans and animal experiments using rodent models indicate that gestational exposure to airborne pollution, in particular diesel engine exhaust (DE), reduces birth weight, but effects depend on exposure duration, gestational window and nanoparticle (NP) concentration. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of gestational exposure to diluted DE on feto-placental development in a rabbit model. Pregnant females were exposed to diluted (1 mg/m(3)), filtered DE (NP diameter ≈ 69 nm) or clean air (controls) for 2 h/day, 5 days/week by nose-only exposure (total exposure: 20 days in a 31-day gestation).
DE exposure induced early signs of growth retardation at mid gestation with decreased head length (p = 0.04) and umbilical pulse (p = 0.018). Near term, fetal head length (p = 0.029) and plasma insulin and IGF1 concentrations (p = 0.05 and p = 0.019) were reduced. Placental function was also affected, with reduced placental efficiency (fetal/placental weight) (p = 0.049), decreased placental blood flow (p = 0.009) and fetal vessel volume (p = 0.002). Non-aggregated and "fingerprint" NP were observed at various locations, in maternal blood space, in trophoblastic cells and in the fetal blood, demonstrating transplacental transfer. Adult female offspring were bred with control males. Although fetoplacental biometry was not affected near term, second generation fetal metabolism was modified by grand-dam exposure with decreased plasma cholesterol (p = 0.008) and increased triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.015).
Repeated daily gestational exposure to DE at levels close to urban pollution can affect feto-placental development in the first and second generation.
空气污染在城市地区日益受到关注。针对人类的流行病学研究以及使用啮齿动物模型进行的动物实验表明，孕期暴露于空气污染中，尤其是柴油发动机尾气（DE），会降低出生体重，但影响取决于暴露持续时间、孕期窗口和纳米颗粒（NP）浓度。我们的目的是评估孕期暴露于稀释后的DE对兔模型中胎儿 - 胎盘发育的影响。通过仅经鼻暴露，使怀孕母兔每天暴露于稀释（1 mg/m³）、过滤后的DE（NP直径≈69 nm）或清洁空气（对照组）中2小时，每周5天（总暴露：在31天的妊娠期内暴露20天）。
DE暴露在妊娠中期诱发了生长迟缓的早期迹象，头部长度（p = 0.04）和脐动脉搏动（p = 0.018）降低。接近足月时，胎儿头部长度（p = 0.029）以及血浆胰岛素和IGF1浓度（p = 0.05和p = 0.019）降低。胎盘功能也受到影响，胎盘效率（胎儿/胎盘重量）降低（p = 0.049），胎盘血流量减少（p = 0.009），胎儿血管容积减小（p = 0.002）。在母体血腔、滋养层细胞和胎儿血液中的不同位置观察到了非聚集性和“指纹”状NP，表明存在经胎盘转运。成年雌性后代与对照雄性交配。尽管足月时胎儿 - 胎盘生物测量未受影响，但第一代母兔的暴露改变了第二代胎儿的代谢，血浆胆固醇降低（p = 0.008），甘油三酯浓度升高（p = 0.015）。
孕期每天重复暴露于接近城市污染水平的DE会影响第一代和第二代的胎儿 - 胎盘发育。
