Cui Lixia, Shi Guangyuan, He Fan, Zhang Qin, Oei Tian P S, Guo Chunyan
Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University Beijing, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China; Psychological Health Education and Consultation Center, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian, China.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jul 12;7:1039. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01039. eCollection 2016.
The interaction between recognition memory and emotion has become a research hotspot in recent years. Dual process theory posits that familiarity and recollection are two separate processes contributing to recognition memory, but further experimental evidence is needed. The present study explored the emotional context effects on successful and unsuccessful source retrieval amongst 15 high-trait-anxiety college students by using event-related potentials (ERPs) measurement. During study, a happy, fearful, or neutral face picture first was displayed, then a Chinese word was superimposed centrally on the picture and subjects were asked to remember the word and the corresponding type of picture. During the test participants were instructed to press one of four buttons to indicate whether the displayed word was an old or new word. And then, for the old word, indicate whether it had been shown with a fearful, happy, or neutral face during the study. ERPs were generally more positive for remembered words than for new words and the ERP difference was termed as an old/new effect. It was found that, for successful source retrieval (it meant both the item and the source were remembered accurately) between 500 and 700 ms (corresponding to a late positive component, LPC), there were significant old/new effects in all contexts. However, for unsuccessful source retrieval (it meant the correct recognition of old items matched with incorrect source attribution), there were no significant old/new effects in happy and neutral contexts, though significant old/new effects were observed in the fearful context. Between 700 and 1200 ms (corresponding to a late slow wave, LSW), there were significant old/new effects for successful source retrieval in happy and neutral contexts. However, in the fearful context, the old/new effects were reversed, ERPs were more negative for successful source retrieval compared to correct rejections. Moreover, there were significant emotion effects for successful source retrieval at this time window. Further analysis showed ERPs of old items were more negative in fearful context than in neutral context. The results showed that early unsuccessful fearful source retrieval processes (related to familiarity) were enhanced, but late successful fearful source retrieval processes during source retrieval monitoring (related to recollection) were weakened. This provided preliminary evidence for the dual processing theory.
近年来，识别记忆与情绪之间的相互作用已成为研究热点。双加工理论认为，熟悉性和回忆是构成识别记忆的两个独立过程，但仍需进一步的实验证据。本研究通过事件相关电位（ERP）测量，探讨了15名高特质焦虑大学生在成功和不成功的源提取任务中情绪背景的影响。在学习阶段，首先呈现一张开心、恐惧或中性的面部图片，然后在图片中央叠加一个中文单词，要求被试记住该单词以及相应的图片类型。在测试阶段，要求参与者按下四个按钮之一，以表明显示的单词是旧词还是新词。然后，对于旧词，指出它在学习阶段是与恐惧、开心还是中性的面部一起呈现的。ERP对记忆单词的反应通常比对新单词更正向，这种ERP差异被称为新旧效应。研究发现，对于成功的源提取（即项目和源都被准确记忆），在500至700毫秒之间（对应于晚期正成分，LPC），所有背景下都存在显著的新旧效应。然而，对于不成功的源提取（即旧项目的正确识别与错误的源归因相匹配），在开心和中性背景下没有显著的新旧效应，尽管在恐惧背景下观察到了显著的新旧效应。在700至1200毫秒之间（对应于晚期慢波，LSW），开心和中性背景下成功的源提取存在显著的新旧效应。然而，在恐惧背景下，新旧效应相反，与正确拒绝相比，成功的源提取的ERP更负向。此外，在这个时间窗口内，成功的源提取存在显著的情绪效应。进一步分析表明，旧项目的ERP在恐惧背景下比在中性背景下更负向。结果表明，早期不成功的恐惧源提取过程（与熟悉性相关）得到增强，但在源提取监测期间后期成功的恐惧源提取过程（与回忆相关）被削弱。这为双加工理论提供了初步证据。
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