Orhan Cemal, Akdemir Fatih, Tuzcu Mehmet, Sahin Nurhan, Yilmaz Ismet, Deshpande Jayant, Juturu Vijaya, Sahin Kazim
1 Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey .
2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Inonu University , Malatya, Turkey .
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov;32(9):631-637. doi: 10.1089/jop.2015.0154. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
Mesozeaxanthin (MZ) is able to protect against chronic and cumulative eye damage and neutralize free radicals produced by oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective potential of MZ against retinal oxidative damage and growth and transcription factors of the retina in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD).
Twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: (1) Control, (2) MZ (100 mg/kg bw/d), (3) HFD (42% of calories as fat), and (4) HFD+MZ (100 mg/kg bw/d) group rats were administered daily as supplement for 12 weeks.
Consumption of HFD was associated with hyperglycemia and oxidative stress as reflected by increased serum MDA concentration (P < 0.001). No measurable zeaxanthin (Z)+MZ and lutein (L) could be detected in the serum of control and HFD rats, whereas they were observed in the serum of MZ-administered rats. Retinal antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] activities were significantly decreased in the HFD group compared to the normal group (P < 0.01). However, retinal antioxidant enzymes were restored close to normal levels in HFD+MZ-treated rats (P < 0.05). The retina of rats fed with HFD had increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase 1(HO-1) levels compared to the healthy rat retina (P < 0.001). Rats treated with MZ partially alleviated the inflammation as reflected by suppressed VEGF, iNOS, ICAM, and NF-κB levels and increased Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in the retina of rats fed (P < 0.05).
Results from the present study suggest that MZ has protective effects on the retina and the ability to modulate oxidative stress of retina in rats fed an HFD by suppressing retinal lipid peroxidation and regulating growth and transcription factors.
中玉米黄质（MZ）能够预防慢性和累积性眼损伤，并中和氧化应激产生的自由基。本研究的目的是评估MZ对高脂饮食（HFD）喂养大鼠视网膜氧化损伤以及视网膜生长和转录因子的保护潜力。
28只Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为以下4组：（1）对照组，（2）MZ组（100mg/kg体重/天），（3）HFD组（42%的热量来自脂肪），以及（4）HFD+MZ组（100mg/kg体重/天）。各组大鼠每天作为补充剂给药，持续12周。
如血清丙二醛浓度升高所反映的，HFD喂养与高血糖和氧化应激相关（P<0.001）。在对照组和HFD组大鼠血清中未检测到可测量的玉米黄质（Z）+MZ和叶黄素（L），而在给予MZ的大鼠血清中观察到了它们。与正常组相比，HFD组视网膜抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）]活性显著降低（P<0.01）。然而，HFD+MZ处理的大鼠视网膜抗氧化酶恢复到接近正常水平（P<0.05）。与健康大鼠视网膜相比，HFD喂养大鼠的视网膜中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）和核因子-κB（NF-κB）水平升高，核因子红细胞2相关因子2（Nrf2）和血红素加氧酶1（HO-1）水平降低（P<0.001）。给予MZ治疗的大鼠部分减轻了炎症，表现为喂养大鼠视网膜中VEGF、iNOS、ICAM和NF-κB水平受到抑制，Nrf2和HO-1水平升高（P<0.05）。
本研究结果表明，MZ对视网膜具有保护作用，并且通过抑制视网膜脂质过氧化和调节生长及转录因子，有能力调节HFD喂养大鼠视网膜的氧化应激。
