Teriparatide (TPTD) is known to increase the cortical thickness and porosity. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether switching from TPTD to ibandronate (IBN) would be useful for improving cortical bone parameters as assessed using high-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HR-QCT) analyses in mature rabbits. Forty-two female New Zealand white rabbits (18-22 weeks old) were randomized into six groups of 7 animals each as follows: 4-week vehicle administration group, 4-week TPTD administration group (20 μg/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.], daily), 12-week vehicle administration group, 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week vehicle administration group, 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week lower-dose IBN administration group (20 μg/kg, s.c., every 4 weeks), and 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week higher-dose IBN administration group (100 μg/kg, s.c., every 4 weeks). After the 4- or 12-week experimental period, the cortical bone of the distal femoral diaphysis was processed for HR-QCT analysis. The 4-week TPTD administration increased the pore ratio, number, and density as well as the cortical area, thickness, and bone mineral content (BMC), without significant influencing the volumetric bone mineral density (BMD). The 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week vehicle administration decreased the pore ratio, number, and density as well as the cortical area and thickness, compared with the 4-week TPTD administration, but the pore ratio, cortical area, and thickness were still higher compared with the 12-week vehicle administration. The 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week higher-dose IBN administration, but not the 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week lower-dose IBN administration, increased the cortical area, thickness, BMC, and volumetric BMD and decreased the pore ratio, but not the pore number or density, compared with the 4-week TPTD administration + 8-week vehicle administration. These results suggest that higher-dose IBN after TPTD therapy has a beneficial effect on the BMC, volumetric BMD, cortical area, thickness, and porosity in mature rabbits.