Vargas Ivan, Mayer Stefanie, Lopez-Duran Nestor
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Stress Health. 2017 Aug;33(3):199-210. doi: 10.1002/smi.2691. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
The association between depression and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been widely examined, yet the results are mixed and factors responsible for such inconsistencies are poorly understood. The current study investigated whether the link between depressive symptomatology and CAR varied as a function of two such factors: sleep and gender. The sample included 58 young adults (30 females; M = 18.7; SD = 0.91). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory as well as the Consensus Sleep Diary to assess depressive symptomatology and daily sleep patterns, respectively. Participants also provided four salivary cortisol samples (0, 30, 45 and 60 min after awakening) during two consecutive weekdays. Results demonstrated that greater depressive symptoms were associated with a greater CAR but only when depressive symptoms were linked to a shorter sleep time. In addition, gender significantly moderated the association between depressive symptoms and CAR. While greater depressive symptoms were associated with an elevated CAR among females, they were associated with a blunted CAR among males. These findings provide some insight into potential mechanisms linking depressive symptomatology and CAR, and suggest that future studies examining CAR as a biomarker of depression should account for differences in sleep and gender. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
抑郁与皮质醇觉醒反应（CAR）之间的关联已得到广泛研究，但其结果不一，且对导致这种不一致的因素了解甚少。当前研究调查了抑郁症状与CAR之间的联系是否会因睡眠和性别这两个因素而有所不同。样本包括58名年轻成年人（30名女性；平均年龄M = 18.7岁；标准差SD = 0.91）。参与者分别完成了贝克抑郁量表以及一致性睡眠日记，以评估抑郁症状和日常睡眠模式。参与者还在连续两个工作日内提供了四份唾液皮质醇样本（觉醒后0、30、45和60分钟）。结果表明，抑郁症状越严重与CAR越高有关，但仅当抑郁症状与较短睡眠时间相关时才成立。此外，性别显著调节了抑郁症状与CAR之间的关联。在女性中，抑郁症状越严重与CAR升高有关，而在男性中则与CAR降低有关。这些发现为连接抑郁症状与CAR的潜在机制提供了一些见解，并表明未来将CAR作为抑郁症生物标志物的研究应考虑睡眠和性别的差异。版权所有© 2016约翰威立父子有限公司。
