Guthrie Gregory, Kulkarni Madhulika, Vlaardingerbroek Hester, Stoll Barbara, Ng Kenneth, Martin Camilia, Belmont John, Hadsell Darryl, Heird William, Newgard Christopher B, Olutoye Oluyinka, van Goudoever Johannes, Lauridsen Charlotte, He Xingxuan, Schuchman Edward H, Burrin Douglas
United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
J Lipid Res. 2016 Sep;57(9):1696-711. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M069526. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
We aimed to characterize the lipidomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles in preterm piglets administered enteral (ENT) formula or three parenteral lipid emulsions [parenteral nutrition (PN)], Intralipid (IL), Omegaven (OV), or SMOFlipid (SL), for 14 days. Piglets in all parenteral lipid groups showed differential organ growth versus ENT piglets; whole body growth rate was lowest in IL piglets, yet there were no differences in either energy expenditure or (13)C-palmitate oxidation. Plasma homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance demonstrated insulin resistance in IL, but not OV or SL, compared with ENT. The fatty acid and acyl-CoA content of the liver, muscle, brain, and plasma fatty acids reflected the composition of the dietary lipids administered. Free carnitine and acylcarnitine (ACT) levels were markedly reduced in the PN groups compared with ENT piglets. Genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation were increased, whereas those associated with alternative pathways of fatty acid oxidation were decreased in all PN groups. Our results show that new generation lipid emulsions directly enrich tissue fatty acids, especially in the brain, and lead to improved growth and insulin sensitivity compared with a soybean lipid emulsion. In all total PN groups, carnitine levels are limiting to the formation of ACTs and gene expression reflects the stress of excess lipid on liver function.
我们旨在对经肠内（ENT）配方奶或三种肠外脂质乳剂[肠外营养（PN）、英脱利匹特（IL）、ω-3鱼油脂肪乳（OV）或SMOFlipid（SL）]喂养14天的早产仔猪的脂质组学、代谢组学和转录组学特征进行表征。所有肠外脂质组的仔猪与ENT组仔猪相比，器官生长存在差异；IL组仔猪的全身生长速率最低，但能量消耗或（13）C-棕榈酸氧化均无差异。与ENT组相比，血浆胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估显示IL组存在胰岛素抵抗，而OV组和SL组则无。肝脏、肌肉、大脑中的脂肪酸和酰基辅酶A含量以及血浆脂肪酸反映了所给予膳食脂质的组成。与ENT组仔猪相比，PN组的游离肉碱和酰基肉碱（ACT）水平显著降低。所有PN组中，与氧化应激和炎症相关的基因增加，而与脂肪酸氧化替代途径相关的基因减少。我们的结果表明，与大豆脂质乳剂相比，新一代脂质乳剂能直接丰富组织脂肪酸，尤其是在大脑中，并能改善生长和胰岛素敏感性。在所有全肠外营养组中，肉碱水平限制了ACT的形成，基因表达反映了过量脂质对肝功能的应激。
