Pozo Karla, Palmeri Margherita, Palmeri Valeria, Estellano Victor H, Mulder Marie D, Efstathiou Christos I, Sará Gian Luca, Romeo Teresa, Lammel Gerhard, Focardi Silvano
Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29, Concepción, Chile.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Oct;23(20):20796-20804. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7131-1. Epub 2016 Jul 31.
In this study, PUF disk passive air samplers were deployed at eight sites, during two sampling periods, on the Island of Sicily in the Mediterranean basin. Samples were screened for a number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (n = 28 congeners), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (n = 16 compounds), and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs n = 28) using GC-MS. PCB concentrations in air ranged 10-300 pg m. The PCB pattern was dominated by lower to middle molecular weight PCBs (Cl) and PCB-28 and PCB-52 were the most abundant congeners. α- and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) concentrations in air were relatively high ~420 ± 320 (50-1000) and 460 ± 340 (30-1000) pg m, respectively, with an average α/γ ratio of 1 ± 0.5, indicating a tendency of higher use of lindane than of technical HCH. Among DDTs, only p,p'-DDT 90 ± 15 (10-800) and p,p'-DDE 60 ± 60 (20-400) were frequently detected. DDT/DDE = 0.4-3.0 (1.0 ± 0.7 for both periods) suggesting past and fresh inputs of DDT at the sampling sites. α-Endosulfan, recently included in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention, fluctuated between 120 ± 50 (50-1000) pg m. In contrast, PBDE levels were very low (0.2-2 pg m). Back trajectories of advection suggest that POP levels are mainly related to local sources (primary or secondary) from Sicily (50-70 % contribution of air masses), Southern Italy, and Sardinia (20 %). This study provides new information for POP levels in the atmosphere of the Mediterranean region.
在本研究中，聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）盘式被动空气采样器于两个采样期内，在地中海盆地西西里岛的八个地点进行了部署。使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）对样品中的多种持久性有机污染物（POPs）进行了筛查，包括多氯联苯（PCBs）（共28种同系物）、有机氯农药（OCPs）（共16种化合物）以及多溴联苯醚（PBDEs，共28种）。空气中多氯联苯的浓度范围约为10 - 300 pg/m³。多氯联苯的分布模式以中低分子量的多氯联苯为主（Cl），其中PCB - 28和PCB - 52是含量最高的同系物。空气中α - 六氯环己烷（HCHs）和γ - 六氯环己烷的浓度相对较高，分别约为420 ± 320（50 - 1000）和460 ±
340（30 - 1000）pg/m³，α/γ平均比值为1 ± 0.5，这表明林丹的使用量高于工业用六氯环己烷。在滴滴涕（DDTs）中，仅经常检测到p,p'-滴滴涕90 ± 15（约10 - 800）和p,p'-滴滴滴60 ± 60（20 - 400）。滴滴涕/滴滴滴 = 0.4 - 3.0（两个时期均为1.0 ± 0.7），这表明采样点过去和近期都有滴滴涕的输入。最近被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》附件A的α-硫丹，浓度在120 ± 50（50 - 1000）pg/m³之间波动。相比之下，多溴联苯醚的水平非常低（0.2 - 2 pg/m³）。平流的后向轨迹表明，持久性有机污染物的水平主要与来自西西里岛（气团贡献的50 - 70%）、意大利南部和撒丁岛（20%）的本地源（主要或次要）有关。本研究为地中海地区大气中的持久性有机污染物水平提供了新的信息。
