作为权威文献阅读者的小德谟克利特：罗伯特·伯顿的方法与《忧郁的解剖》

Democritus Junior as Reader of Auctoritates: Robert Burton's Method and <italic>The Anatomy of Melancholy</italic>.

作者信息

Mori Giuliano

出版信息

J Hist Ideas. 2016 Jul;77(3):379-99. doi: 10.1353/jhi.2016.0024.

DOI:10.1353/jhi.2016.0024

Abstract

This essay analyzes Robert Burton's methodological approach to the subject of melancholy and draws comparisons between Burton's method of inquiry and the 17th-century scientific method at large. Burton's sources are hence examined and two epistemological lines of influence are singled out, one being characterized by deductive procedures (Galen, Ramus), and the other by inductivism (Hippocrates, pseudo-Hippocratic representation of Democritus). Combined by Burton, these traditions inspired the structure of Burton's Anatomy, which allowed the concurrence of multiple opinions that mutually interact and automatically correct one another within a cento-like text.

摘要

本文分析了罗伯特·伯顿研究忧郁症主题的方法论，并对伯顿的探究方法与整个17世纪的科学方法进行了比较。因此，本文考察了伯顿的资料来源，并指出了两条认识论影响路线，一条以演绎程序为特征（盖伦、拉穆斯），另一条以归纳法为特征（希波克拉底、伪希波克拉底对德谟克利特的表述）。这些传统在伯顿的整合下，激发了他的《忧郁的剖析》的结构，该结构允许在类似百衲体文本中同时存在多种相互作用并能自动相互纠正的观点。