Britten L, Shire K, Coats R O, Astill S L
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Institute of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Gait Posture. 2016 Jul;48:42-46. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.027. Epub 2016 May 4.
The aim of the present study was to establish if and how the additional postural constraint of standing affects accuracy and precision of goal directed naturalistic actions. Forty participants, comprising 20 young adults aged 20-23 years and 20 children aged 9-10 years completed 3 manual dexterity tasks on a tablet laptop with a handheld stylus during two separate conditions (1) while standing and (2) while seated. The order of conditions was counterbalanced across both groups of participants. The tasks were (1) a tracking task, where the stylus tracked a dot in a figure of 8 at 3 speeds, (2) an aiming task where the stylus moved from dot to dot with individual movements creating the outline of a pentagram and (3) a tracing task, where participants had to move the stylus along a static pathway or maze. Root mean squared error (RMSE), movement time and path accuracy, respectively, were used to quantify the effect that postural condition had on manual control. Overall adults were quicker and more accurate than children when performing all 3 tasks, and where the task speed was manipulated accuracy was better at slower speeds for all participants. Surprisingly, children performed these tasks more quickly and more accurately when standing compared to when sitting. In conclusion, standing at a desk while performing goal directed tasks did not detrimentally affect children's manual control, and moreover offered a benefit.
本研究的目的是确定站立这一额外的姿势限制是否以及如何影响目标导向的自然动作的准确性和精确性。40名参与者，包括20名20 - 23岁的年轻人和20名9 - 10岁的儿童，在两种不同的条件下（1）站立时和（2）坐着时，使用手持触控笔在平板电脑上完成3项手动灵巧性任务。条件的顺序在两组参与者中进行了平衡。任务分别是：（1）一项追踪任务，触控笔以3种速度追踪一个8字形图案中的点；（2）一项瞄准任务，触控笔逐个点移动，形成一个五角星的轮廓；（3）一项追踪任务，参与者必须沿着一条静态路径或迷宫移动触控笔。分别使用均方根误差（RMSE）、移动时间和路径准确性来量化姿势条件对手动控制的影响。总体而言，在执行所有3项任务时，成年人比儿童更快、更准确，并且在所有参与者中，当任务速度受到控制时，较慢速度下的准确性更好。令人惊讶的是，与坐着相比，儿童站立时执行这些任务更快、更准确。总之，在执行目标导向任务时站在桌子旁不会对儿童的手动控制产生不利影响，而且还有益处。
