Makowicz Amber M, Tiedemann Ralph, Steele Rachel N, Schlupp Ingo
Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America.
Department of Biology, Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, University Konstanz, Universitätsstraβe 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
PLoS One. 2016 Aug 2;11(8):e0158442. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158442. eCollection 2016.
Relatedness strongly influences social behaviors in a wide variety of species. For most species, the highest typical degree of relatedness is between full siblings with 50% shared genes. However, this is poorly understood in species with unusually high relatedness between individuals: clonal organisms. Although there has been some investigation into clonal invertebrates and yeast, nothing is known about kin selection in clonal vertebrates. We show that a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), can distinguish between different clonal lineages, associating with genetically identical, sister clones, and use multiple sensory modalities. Also, they scale their aggressive behaviors according to the relatedness to other females: they are more aggressive to non-related clones. Our results demonstrate that even in species with very small genetic differences between individuals, kin recognition can be adaptive. Their discriminatory abilities and regulation of costly behaviors provides a powerful example of natural selection in species with limited genetic diversity.
亲缘关系对多种物种的社会行为有着强烈影响。对于大多数物种而言，最高的典型亲缘程度存在于拥有50%共享基因的全同胞之间。然而，在个体间亲缘关系异常高的物种——克隆生物中，这一点却鲜为人知。尽管已经对克隆无脊椎动物和酵母进行了一些研究，但对于克隆脊椎动物的亲缘选择却一无所知。我们发现，一种克隆鱼类——亚马孙帆鳉（Poecilia formosa），能够区分不同的克隆谱系，与基因相同的姐妹克隆体建立联系，并运用多种感官模式。此外，它们会根据与其他雌性的亲缘关系来调整攻击行为：对非亲缘克隆体更具攻击性。我们的研究结果表明，即使在个体间遗传差异非常小的物种中，亲缘识别也可能具有适应性。它们的辨别能力以及对高成本行为的调节，为遗传多样性有限的物种中的自然选择提供了一个有力例证。
