Berridge K C, Schulkin J
Q J Exp Psychol B. 1989 May;41(2):121-38.
Previous studies of natural palatability-sensitive reactions, elicited from rats by tastes, have indicated that the taste of concentrated NaCl becomes more palatable during states of body sodium depletion. A training procedure based upon "sensory preconditioning" or "irrelevant incentive" designs was used here to establish gustatory conditioned labels (quinine or citric acid) for either NaCl or fructose while rats were in a normal physiological state. Experiment 1 replicated demonstrations by others that gustatory conditioned labels for salt can attract and act as independent incentives during the salt appetite induced by sodium depletion. Experiment 2 used the taste reactivity measure to show that the enhanced palatability of the taste of NaCl transfers to produce enhanced palatability of the taste of the isolated conditioned label for salt in a state-dependent fashion. These results offer further support for the proposition that conditioned incentives not only predict hedonic events to follow, but themselves become attributed with the hedonic properties of their reinforcers.
先前对大鼠因味觉引发的自然味觉偏好敏感反应的研究表明，在机体缺钠状态下，浓缩氯化钠的味道会变得更可口。在此，采用了一种基于“感觉预适应”或“无关刺激”设计的训练程序，在大鼠处于正常生理状态时，为氯化钠或果糖建立味觉条件性标记（奎宁或柠檬酸）。实验1重复了其他人的实验结果，即盐的味觉条件性标记在缺钠诱导的盐食欲期间能够吸引并作为独立的刺激物起作用。实验2使用味觉反应性测量方法表明，氯化钠味道增强的适口性会以状态依赖的方式转移，从而使盐的孤立条件性标记味道的适口性增强。这些结果进一步支持了这样一个观点，即条件性刺激不仅能预测随后的享乐事件，而且其本身也具有强化物的享乐属性。
