Kweon Jung Hyun, Kim Sunhong, Lee Sung Bae
Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.
Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
BMB Rep. 2017 Jan;50(1):5-11. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.1.131.
One of the characteristics of the neurons that distinguishes them from other cells is their complex and polarized structure consisting of dendrites, cell body, and axon. The complexity and diversity of dendrites are particularly well recognized, and accumulating evidences suggest that the alterations in the dendrite structure are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of the proper dendritic structures for neuronal functions, the dendrite pathology appears to have crucial contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular basis of dendritic changes in the neurodegenerative diseases remains largely elusive. Previous studies in normal condition have revealed that several cellular components, such as local cytoskeletal structures and organelles located locally in dendrites, play crucial roles in dendrite growth. By reviewing what has been unveiled to date regarding dendrite growth in terms of these local cellular components, we aim to provide an insight to categorize the potential cellular basis that can be applied to the dendrite pathology manifested in many neurodegenerative diseases. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(1): 5-11].
神经元区别于其他细胞的特征之一是其复杂且极化的结构，该结构由树突、细胞体和轴突组成。树突的复杂性和多样性尤为显著，越来越多的证据表明，树突结构的改变与许多神经退行性疾病有关。鉴于适当的树突结构对神经元功能的重要性，树突病理学似乎对神经退行性疾病的发病机制起着至关重要的作用。尽管如此，神经退行性疾病中树突变化的细胞和分子基础在很大程度上仍不清楚。以往在正常条件下的研究表明，一些细胞成分，如局部细胞骨架结构和位于树突局部的细胞器，在树突生长中起着关键作用。通过回顾迄今为止在这些局部细胞成分方面所揭示的关于树突生长的内容，我们旨在提供一种见解，以便对可应用于许多神经退行性疾病中表现出的树突病理学的潜在细胞基础进行分类。[《BMB报告》2017年；50(1):5 - 11]
