Baldwin David S, Gordon Robert, Abelli Marianna, Pini Stefano
1Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK.
3Department of Psychiatry,University of Pisa,Pisa,Italy.
CNS Spectr. 2016 Aug;21(4):289-94. doi: 10.1017/S1092852916000080.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) categorization of mental disorders places "separation anxiety disorder" within the broad group of anxiety disorders, and its diagnosis no longer rests on establishing an onset during childhood or adolescence. In previous editions of DSM, it was included within the disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, with the requirement for an onset of symptoms before the age of 18 years: symptomatic adults could only receive a retrospective diagnosis, based on establishing this early onset. The new position of separation anxiety disorder is based upon the findings of epidemiological studies that revealed the unexpectedly high prevalence of the condition in adults, often in individuals with an onset of symptoms after the teenage years; its prominent place within the DSM-5 group of anxiety disorders should encourage further research into its epidemiology, etiology, and treatment. This review examines the clinical features and boundaries of the condition, and offers guidance on how it can be distinguished from other anxiety disorders and other mental disorders in which "separation anxiety" may be apparent.
《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5）对精神障碍的分类将“分离焦虑障碍”归入广泛的焦虑障碍类别中，其诊断不再依赖于确定发病于儿童期或青少年期。在DSM的先前版本中，它被纳入通常在婴儿期、儿童期或青少年期首次诊断的疾病中，要求症状在18岁之前出现：有症状的成年人只能基于确定早期发病情况获得回顾性诊断。分离焦虑障碍的新定位基于流行病学研究结果，这些研究揭示了该疾病在成年人中的患病率意外之高，通常是在青少年期之后出现症状的个体中；它在DSM - 5焦虑障碍类别中的突出地位应鼓励对其流行病学、病因学和治疗进行进一步研究。本综述探讨了该疾病的临床特征和界限，并就如何将其与其他焦虑障碍以及可能出现“分离焦虑”的其他精神障碍区分开来提供指导。
