Lefrançois Elodie, Esseiva Pierre, Gervasoni Jean-Pierre, Lucia Sonia, Zobel Frank, Augsburger Marc
Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Sep;266:534-540. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.07.021. Epub 2016 Jul 30.
For the first time in Switzerland, an analysis of residual contents from used syringes collected from low threshold facilities was performed. This preliminary study is part of a wider project aiming to understand patterns of injecting drug use over time.
Among the 100,000 syringes exchanged annually by the ABS foundation (Accueil Bas Seuil), 113 were collected following a purposive sampling method and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Four syringes (4% of the sample population) contained no substances take into consideration the limit of the method. Cocaine was the most commonly observed compound and was detected in 77 syringes (68%), whilst users reported syringes with cocaine among those analysed in this study. Heroin was detected in 49 syringes (43%) and reported by 53 users returning syringes; midazolam was detected in 31 syringes (27%) and reported as the medicine Dormicum(®) in 22 occurrences. No new or unusual illicit drug was detected in the sample.
The results show the presence of cocaine in more than half of the sample, an absence of new or unusual illicit drugs, as well as very few traces of methadone, which suggests that this substitution drug is rarely injected. This preliminary study also demonstrates the potential of this developed methodology for monitoring purposes. An ongoing and more systematic approach could allow to detect modifications in drug use patterns among the target population as well as the appearance of new and hazardous substances. Such systematic and timely results could allow an adaptation of harm reduction interventions.
在瑞士首次对从低门槛设施收集的用过的注射器中的残留物质进行了分析。这项初步研究是一个更广泛项目的一部分，该项目旨在了解随时间推移的注射吸毒模式。
在ABS基金会（低门槛接待处）每年交换的100,000支注射器中，采用目的抽样法收集了113支，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）进行分析。
考虑到方法的检测限，四支注射器（占样本总数 的4%）未含有任何物质。可卡因是最常观察到的化合物，在77支注射器（68%）中被检测到，而在本研究分析的注射器中，使用者报告有含可卡因的注射器。在49支注射器（43%）中检测到海洛因，53名归还注射器的使用者报告使用过海洛因；在31支注射器（27%）中检测到咪达唑仑，其中22次报告称其为多美康（®）。样本中未检测到新的或不寻常的非法药物。
结果显示样本中超过一半含有可卡因，没有新的或不寻常的非法药物，以及极少量的美沙酮痕迹，这表明这种替代药物很少被注射。这项初步研究还证明了这种开发的方法用于监测目的的潜力。持续且更系统的方法可以检测目标人群中药物使用模式的变化以及新的有害物质的出现。这种系统且及时的结果可以使减少伤害干预措施得以调整。
