Otranto Domenico, Colella Vito, Crescenzo Giuseppe, Solari Basano Fabrizio, Nazzari Roberto, Capelli Gioia, Petry Gabriele, Schaper Roland, Pollmeier Matthias, Mallia Egidio, Dantas-Torres Filipe, Lia Riccardo Paolo
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
Vet Parasitol. 2016 Aug 30;227:118-21. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.035. Epub 2016 Aug 1.
Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) has been documented as agent of ocular infection in domestic animals (dogs and cats), wildlife (e.g., foxes, hares, rabbits), and humans. In the last two decades, this parasitosis has been increasingly reported in several European countries. Both adult and larval stages of the eyeworm are responsible for symptoms ranging from mild (e.g., lacrimation, ocular discharge, epiphora) to severe (e.g., conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal opacity or ulcers). The present study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5% spot on (Advocate(®), Bayer Animal Health) in comparison to milbemycin oxime/praziquantel tablets (Milbemax(®), Novartis-Animal Health), as positive control, in the treatment of canine thelaziosis in naturally infected dogs and, a third group was used as an untreated control. Forty-seven dogs (27 females and 20 males) harbouring at least one live adult worm of T. callipaeda in one eye were enrolled from an endemic area of southern Italy. Each dog was then weighed and assigned in accordance with a random treatment allocation plan to one of the treatment groups (G1: imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5% spot on, G2: Untreated control and G3: milbemycin oxime/praziquantel tablets). On Day (D) 7, 14, 28 and 35 dogs were physically examined and the infection level was assessed by examination of both eyes, including conjunctival pouch and third eyelid for live adult T. callipaeda count and clinical scores. Dogs in G1 were treated on D0 and D28, whereas those in G3 on D0 and D7. Efficacy in G1 was 100% at each day post treatment (p<0.01). For the G3 group efficacy was 57.39% on D7 (p<0.05), 92.79% on D14 and 100% on D28 and D35 (p<0.01). The application of the spot on formulation moxidectin 2.5% and imidacloprid 10% was highly effective in the treatment of canine thelaziosis caused by T. callipaeda. Advocate(®) spot on can be recommended for the control of T. callipaeda infection, considering that this formulation is currently licensed in Europe for the treatment of a wide range of parasites affecting dogs.
结膜吸吮线虫（旋尾目，吸吮科）已被证实是家畜（狗和猫）、野生动物（如狐狸、野兔、兔子）及人类眼部感染的病原体。在过去二十年中，这种寄生虫病在几个欧洲国家的报告日益增多。眼虫的成虫和幼虫阶段都会引发从轻微（如流泪、眼分泌物、溢泪）到严重（如结膜炎、角膜炎、角膜混浊或溃疡）不等的症状。本研究评估了10%吡虫啉和2.5%莫昔克丁滴剂（Advocate(®)，拜耳动物保健公司）与作为阳性对照的米尔贝肟/吡喹酮片（Milbemax(®)，诺华动物保健公司）相比，在治疗自然感染犬结膜吸吮线虫病方面的临床疗效和安全性，第三组用作未治疗对照。从意大利南部的一个流行地区招募了47只狗（27只雌性和20只雄性），每只狗的一只眼睛中至少有一条活的结膜吸吮线虫成虫。然后对每只狗称重，并根据随机治疗分配计划分配到其中一个治疗组（G1：10%吡虫啉和2.5%莫昔克丁滴剂，G2：未治疗对照，G3：米尔贝肟/吡喹酮片）。在第7天、14天、28天和35天对狗进行体格检查，并通过检查双眼，包括结膜囊和第三眼睑，以计数活的成虫结膜吸吮线虫数量并进行临床评分，从而评估感染程度。G1组的狗在第0天和第28天接受治疗，而G3组的狗在第0天和第7天接受治疗。治疗后每天G1组的疗效均为100%（p<0.01）。G3组在第7天的疗效为57.39%（p<0.05），第14天为92.79%，第28天和第35天为100%（p<0.01）。2.5%莫昔克丁和10%吡虫啉滴剂在治疗由结膜吸吮线虫引起的犬结膜吸吮线虫病方面非常有效。考虑到该制剂目前在欧洲已获许可用于治疗影响狗的多种寄生虫，Advocate(®)滴剂可推荐用于控制结膜吸吮线虫感染。
