Palkovics Dániel, Gera István
Fogorv Sz. 2016 Jun;109(2):45-55.
The dimension of attached gingiva is a very important landmark in the periodontal health, and determine the function of the mucogingival unit, the progression of marginal inflammation and also affects aesthetic dentistry, orthodontics and implantology. The determination of gingival/periodontal biotype is important in dental/periodontal practice. Hence, the aim of this cross sectional clinical study was to assess the width and thickness of attached gingiva in young, periodontally healthy individuals and to provide anthropometric data in Hungary.
68 periodontally healthy (between the age of 14-28) individuals participated in the study. The thickness of the gingiva was determined using transgingival transparency of periodontal probe at each tooth in the maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Based on this non-invasive technique three biotype categories were determined i.e. thin > 1 mm, medium 1-2 mm and thick < 2 mm. The width of the gingiva was assessed by William's graduated probe measuring the distance between the gingival margin and mucogingival line the midline of each tooth. The data were statistically analyzed and compared according to gender, dental arch and group of teeth.
The gingiva was found to be thinner in females than males. The thin biotype was significantly more common among females while in males the thick biotype was the dominant. The individual variations were common within dental arch and many times the biotype switched from tooth to tooth. The average width of the attached gingiva was wider in the maxilla than in the mandible and there was no statistically significant correlation between the biotype and the width of attached gingiva. Manifest gingival recession occurred just around teeth with thin biotype.
In the present study, we concluded that gingival thickness and width varies with gender and dental arch location and the biotype had no effect on the width of attached gingiva.
附着龈的尺寸是牙周健康的一个非常重要的标志，它决定了黏膜牙龈单位的功能、边缘炎症的进展，还会影响美容牙科、正畸学和种植学。牙龈/牙周生物型的确定在牙科/牙周治疗中很重要。因此，这项横断面临床研究的目的是评估年轻牙周健康个体附着龈的宽度和厚度，并提供匈牙利的人体测量数据。
68名牙周健康（年龄在14 - 28岁之间）的个体参与了该研究。使用牙周探针的龈下透明度测定上颌和下颌牙弓中每颗牙齿处牙龈厚度。基于这种非侵入性技术确定了三种生物型类别，即薄型（>1mm）、中型（1 - 2mm）和厚型（<2mm）。通过威廉斯分度探针测量每颗牙齿中线处牙龈边缘与黏膜牙龈线之间的距离来评估牙龈宽度。根据性别、牙弓和牙组对数据进行统计分析和比较。
发现女性牙龈比男性更薄。薄生物型在女性中明显更常见，而在男性中厚生物型占主导。牙弓内个体差异常见，并且生物型在牙齿之间多次转换。上颌附着龈的平均宽度比下颌宽，并且生物型与附着龈宽度之间无统计学显著相关性。明显的牙龈退缩仅发生在薄生物型的牙齿周围。
在本研究中，我们得出结论，牙龈厚度和宽度随性别和牙弓位置而变化，且生物型对附着龈宽度无影响。
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