Cacabelos R, Yamatodani A, Niigawa H, Hariguchi S, Tada K, Nishimura T, Wada H, Brandeis L, Pearson J
Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Santiago University Medical School, Spain.
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1989 May;11(5):353-60.
The concentration of histamine (HA) has been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection in 21 different regions of brains from patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and subjects (CB) whose causes of death were not related to neuropsychiatric, neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases. The highest levels of HA in the central nervous system (CNS) of both control (CB) and SDAT samples were found in the posterior hypothalamus (CB = 3.13 +/- 0.63 pmol/mg; SDAT = 7.75 +/- 1.43 pmol/mg, p less than 0.005), where the HA neurons are located, and in the anterior hypothalamus (CB = 1.77 +/- 0.33 pmol/mg; SDAT = 2.82 +/- 0.45 pmol/mg, p less than 0.005). The lowest HA levels were detected in the cerebellum (CB = 0.12 +/- 0.04 pmol/mg; SDAT = 0.24 +/- 0.09 pmol/mg, p less than 0.01) and medulla oblongata. HA levels were significantly higher in SDAT than in CB in the following areas: motor cortex (Brodmann's area 4) (A4), premotor cortex (A6), postcentral gyrus (A1,2), posterior parietal cortex (A5,7), superior temporal gyrus (A41,42), temporal pole (A38), primary and secondary visual cortices (A17,18), anterior and posterior regions of the hypothalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, hippocampus, pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum. No changes were seen in globus pallidus and corpus callosum. Since the origin of HA in the brain is dependent upon three main compartments (neuronal, mast cell, vascular smooth muscle), with approximately 60-80% of the total HA belonging to the neuronal pool, on the basis of neurochemical data we postulate that the increase in the levels of HA in SDAT might account for or be associated with alterations in neuroendocrine, cognitive, neurovascular and sleep-wakefulness functions.
采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）并结合荧光检测，测定了21例阿尔茨海默型老年痴呆症（SDAT）患者以及死因与神经精神、神经和/或神经退行性疾病无关的受试者（CB）大脑21个不同区域中组胺（HA）的浓度。在对照组（CB）和SDAT样本的中枢神经系统（CNS）中，HA水平最高的部位是下丘脑后部（CB = 3.13±0.63 pmol/mg；SDAT = 7.75±1.43 pmol/mg，p＜0.005），HA神经元就位于此处，以及下丘脑前部（CB = 1.77±0.33 pmol/mg；SDAT = 2.82±0.45 pmol/mg，p＜0.005）。HA水平最低的部位是小脑（CB = 0.12±0.04 pmol/mg；SDAT = 0.24±0.09 pmol/mg，p＜0.01）和延髓。在以下区域，SDAT中的HA水平显著高于CB：运动皮层（布罗德曼第4区）（A4）、运动前皮层（A6）、中央后回（A1、2）、顶叶后皮质（A5、7）、颞上回（A41、42）、颞极（A38）、初级和次级视觉皮层（A17、18）、下丘脑的前部和后部、壳核、尾状核、伏隔核、丘脑、海马体、脑桥、延髓和小脑。苍白球和胼胝体未见变化。由于大脑中HA的来源依赖于三个主要部分（神经元、肥大细胞、血管平滑肌），其中约60 - 80%的总HA属于神经元池，基于神经化学数据，我们推测SDAT中HA水平的升高可能解释或与神经内分泌、认知、神经血管和睡眠 - 觉醒功能的改变有关。
