Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, U.S.A.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2017 Aug;92(3):1570-1581. doi: 10.1111/brv.12296. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
Strong selection to secure paternity in polyandrous species leads to the evolution of numerous chemicals in the male's seminal content. These include antiaphrodisiac pheromones, which are transmitted from the male to the female during mating to render her unattractive to subsequent males. An increasing number of species have been shown to use these chemicals. Herein, I examine the taxonomic distribution of species using antiaphrodisiac pheromones, the selection pressures driving their evolution in both males and females, and the ecological interactions in which these pheromones are involved. The literature review shows a highly skewed distribution of antiaphrodisiac use; all species currently known to use them are insects with the exception of the garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis and T. radix. Nonetheless, many taxa have not yet been tested for the presence of antiaphrodisiacs, in groups both closely and distantly related to species known to express them. Within the Insecta, there have been multiple cases of convergent evolution of antiaphrodisiac pheromones using different chemical compounds and methods of transmission. Antiaphrodisiacs usually benefit males, but their effect on females is variable as they can either prevent them from mating multiple times or help them reduce male harassment when they are unreceptive. Some indirect costs of antiaphrodisiacs also impact both males and females, but more research is needed to determine how general this pattern is. Additional research is also important to understand how antiaphrodisiacs interact with the reproductive biology and sexual communication in different species.
在多雄多雌的物种中，强烈的亲代选择导致雄性精液中产生了许多化学物质。这些化学物质包括抗动情信息素，它们在交配过程中从雄性传递到雌性，使雌性对后续的雄性失去吸引力。越来越多的物种被证明使用这些化学物质。在此，我检查了使用抗动情信息素的物种的分类分布、驱动它们在雄性和雌性中进化的选择压力，以及这些信息素所涉及的生态相互作用。文献综述显示，抗动情信息素的使用存在高度偏斜的分布；所有目前已知使用它们的物种都是昆虫，除了束带蛇 Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis 和 T. radix。尽管如此，许多类群尚未被测试是否存在抗动情信息素，包括与已知表达抗动情信息素的物种密切相关和远缘相关的类群。在昆虫中，已经有多次使用不同化学化合物和传递方法的抗动情信息素的趋同进化案例。抗动情信息素通常对雄性有益，但对雌性的影响是可变的，因为它们既可以防止雌性多次交配，也可以帮助它们在不接受时减少雄性的骚扰。抗动情信息素也会对雄性和雌性产生一些间接成本，但需要更多的研究来确定这种模式的普遍性。此外，了解抗动情信息素如何与不同物种的生殖生物学和性通讯相互作用也很重要。
