Advances in the application of food emulsifier α-gel phases: Saturated monoglycerides, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, and their derivatives.

Emulsifiers form complex structures in colloidal systems. One of these structures, the α-gel phase, has drawn much research interest. α-gel phases are formed by emulsifiers that are stable in the α-crystalline structure in the presence of water. The α-gel phase has shown superior functionality in a variety of applications because it has a water-rich lamellar structure. Even though studies on emulsifier α-gel phases emerged over half a century ago, there is still a knowledge gap on fundamental properties of α-gel phases formed by a variety of emulsifiers. This article summarizes recent studies on the physical and chemical properties of α-gel phases formed by several food emulsifiers, specifically saturated monoglycerides, polyglycerol monoester and diesters of fatty acid, and sodium stearoyl lactylate. Recent research has advanced the understanding of factors affecting the stability and foamability of the α-gel phases. Current and potential applications of α-gel phases in baked food products and in personal care products are also reviewed here.