Resende Lucilene Aparecida, Aguiar-Soares Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira, Gama-Ker Henrique, Roatt Bruno Mendes, Mendonça Ludmila Zanandreis de, Alves Marina Luiza Rodrigues, Silveira-Lemos Denise da, Corrêa-Oliveira Rodrigo, Martins-Filho Olindo Assis, Araújo Márcio Sobreira Silva, Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio, Gontijo Nelder Figueiredo, Reis Alexandre Barbosa, Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro
Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2016 Aug 24;11(8):e0161169. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161169. eCollection 2016.
Dogs represent the most important domestic reservoir of L. chagasi (syn. L. infantum). A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) would be an important tool for decreasing the anxiety related to possible L. chagasi infection and for controlling human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Because the sand fly salivary proteins are potent immunogens obligatorily co-deposited during transmission of Leishmania parasites, their inclusion in an anti-Leishmania vaccine has been investigated in past decades. We investigated the immunogenicity of the "LbSapSal" vaccine (L. braziliensis antigens, saponin as adjuvant, and Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland extract) in dogs at baseline (T0), during the post-vaccination protocol (T3rd) and after early (T90) and late (T885) times following L. chagasi-challenge. Our major data indicated that immunization with "LbSapSal" is able to induce biomarkers characterized by enhanced amounts of type I (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-12, interferon [IFN]-γ) cytokines and reduction in type II cytokines (IL-4 and TGF-β), even after experimental challenge. The establishment of a prominent pro-inflammatory immune response after "LbSapSal" immunization supported the increased levels of nitric oxide production, favoring a reduction in spleen parasitism (78.9%) and indicating long-lasting protection against L. chagasi infection. In conclusion, these results confirmed the hypothesis that the "LbSapSal" vaccination is a potential tool to control the Leishmania chagasi infection.
狗是恰加斯利什曼原虫（同婴儿利什曼原虫）最重要的家养宿主。一种针对犬内脏利什曼病（CVL）的疫苗将成为减轻与恰加斯利什曼原虫可能感染相关焦虑以及控制人类内脏利什曼病（VL）的重要工具。由于白蛉唾液蛋白是利什曼原虫寄生虫传播过程中必然共同沉积的强效免疫原，在过去几十年里，人们一直在研究将其纳入抗利什曼原虫疫苗。我们在基线（T0）、疫苗接种后方案期间（T3rd）以及恰加斯利什曼原虫攻击后的早期（T90）和晚期（T885）对犬进行了“LbSapSal”疫苗（巴西利什曼原虫抗原、皂苷作为佐剂以及长须罗蛉唾液腺提取物）免疫原性的研究。我们的主要数据表明，即使在实验性攻击后，用“LbSapSal”免疫也能够诱导以I型（肿瘤坏死因子[TNF]-α、白细胞介素[IL]-12、干扰素[IFN]-γ）细胞因子数量增加和II型细胞因子（IL-4和转化生长因子-β）减少为特征的生物标志物。“LbSapSal”免疫后促炎性免疫反应的建立支持了一氧化氮产生水平的提高，有利于脾脏寄生虫感染减少（78.9%），并表明对恰加斯利什曼原虫感染具有持久的保护作用。总之，这些结果证实了“LbSapSal”疫苗接种是控制恰加斯利什曼原虫感染的潜在工具这一假设。
