MYCN和HDAC5通过转录抑制CD9来触发神经母细胞瘤的侵袭和转移。
MYCN and HDAC5 transcriptionally repress CD9 to trigger invasion and metastasis in neuroblastoma.
作者信息
Fabian Johannes, Opitz Desirée, Althoff Kristina, Lodrini Marco, Hero Barbara, Volland Ruth, Beckers Anneleen, de Preter Katleen, Decock Anneleen, Patil Nitin, Abba Mohammed, Kopp-Schneider Annette, Astrahantseff Kathy, Wünschel Jasmin, Pfeil Sebastian, Ercu Maria, Künkele Annette, Hu Jamie, Thole Theresa, Schweizer Leonille, Mechtersheimer Gunhild, Carter Daniel, Cheung Belamy B, Popanda Odilia, von Deimling Andreas, Koster Jan, Versteeg Rogier, Schwab Manfred, Marshall Glenn M, Speleman Frank, Erb Ulrike, Zoeller Margot, Allgayer Heike, Simon Thorsten, Fischer Matthias, Kulozik Andreas E, Eggert Angelika, Witt Olaf, Schulte Johannes H, Deubzer Hedwig E
机构信息
Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), INF, Heidelberg, Germany.
Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Waldhofer Straße, Heidelberg, Germany.
出版信息
Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 11;7(41):66344-66359. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.11662.
The systemic and resistant nature of metastatic neuroblastoma renders it largely incurable with current multimodal treatment. Clinical progression stems mainly from the increasing burden of metastatic colonization. Therapeutically inhibiting the migration-invasion-metastasis cascade would be of great benefit, but the mechanisms driving this cycle are as yet poorly understood. In-depth transcriptome analyses and ChIP-qPCR identified the cell surface glycoprotein, CD9, as a major downstream player and direct target of the recently described GRHL1 tumor suppressor. CD9 is known to block or facilitate cancer cell motility and metastasis dependent upon entity. High-level CD9 expression in primary neuroblastomas correlated with patient survival and established markers for favorable disease. Low-level CD9 expression was an independent risk factor for adverse outcome. MYCN and HDAC5 colocalized to the CD9 promoter and repressed transcription. CD9 expression diminished with progressive tumor development in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse model for neuroblastoma, and CD9 expression in neuroblastic tumors was far below that in ganglia from wildtype mice. Primary neuroblastomas lacking MYCN amplifications displayed differential CD9 promoter methylation in methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing analyses, and high-level methylation was associated with advanced stage disease, supporting epigenetic regulation. Inducing CD9 expression in a SH-EP cell model inhibited migration and invasion in Boyden chamber assays. Enforced CD9 expression in neuroblastoma cells transplanted onto chicken chorioallantoic membranes strongly reduced metastasis to embryonic bone marrow. Combined treatment of neuroblastoma cells with HDAC/DNA methyltransferase inhibitors synergistically induced CD9 expression despite hypoxic, metabolic or cytotoxic stress. Our results show CD9 is a critical and indirectly druggable suppressor of the invasion-metastasis cycle in neuroblastoma.
转移性神经母细胞瘤的系统性和耐药性使得目前的多模式治疗基本上无法将其治愈。临床进展主要源于转移定植负担的增加。从治疗上抑制迁移-侵袭-转移级联反应将大有裨益,但驱动这一循环的机制目前仍知之甚少。深入的转录组分析和染色质免疫沉淀定量聚合酶链反应(ChIP-qPCR)确定细胞表面糖蛋白CD9是最近描述的GRHL1肿瘤抑制因子的主要下游作用因子和直接靶点。已知CD9根据肿瘤类型可阻断或促进癌细胞的运动性和转移。原发性神经母细胞瘤中高水平的CD9表达与患者生存率以及预后良好疾病的既定标志物相关。低水平的CD9表达是不良预后的独立危险因素。MYCN和HDAC5共定位于CD9启动子并抑制转录。在神经母细胞瘤的TH-MYCN转基因小鼠模型中,CD9表达随肿瘤进展而降低,并且神经母细胞瘤性肿瘤中的CD9表达远低于野生型小鼠神经节中的表达。在甲基化CpG结合域测序分析中,缺乏MYCN扩增的原发性神经母细胞瘤显示出CD9启动子甲基化差异,并且高水平甲基化与晚期疾病相关,支持表观遗传调控。在SH-EP细胞模型中诱导CD9表达可在Boyden小室试验中抑制迁移和侵袭。在移植到鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上的神经母细胞瘤细胞中强制表达CD9可显著减少向胚胎骨髓的转移。尽管存在缺氧、代谢或细胞毒性应激,用组蛋白去乙酰化酶/DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂联合处理神经母细胞瘤细胞可协同诱导CD9表达。我们的结果表明,CD9是神经母细胞瘤侵袭-转移循环的关键且可间接靶向的抑制因子。
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