Guto John Abuga, Bii Christine C, Denning David W
LIFE program at Fungal Infection Trust, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2016 Aug 31;10(8):777-84. doi: 10.3855/jidc.7614.
Kenya is a developing country with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. No estimate of the burden of fungal diseases in Kenya is published.
We used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies from the literature to estimate national incidence or prevalence of serious fungal infections. Used sources were: 2010 WHO TB statistics, Kenya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Epidemic Update 2012, Kenya Facts and figures 2012, Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-2009.
Of Kenya's population of ~40 million, 43% are under 15 years old and approximately 594,660 Kenyan women get >4 episodes Candida vulvovaginitis annually (2,988/100,000). The HIV/AIDS population at risk of opportunistic infections (OI) is 480,000 and the OI estimates include 306,000 patients with oral thrush (768/100,000), 114,000 with oesophageal candidiasis (286/100,000), 11,900 with cryptococcal meningitis (29/100,000) and 17,000 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (42/100,000). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis following TB has a prevalence of 10,848 cases (32/100,000). The adult asthma prevalence is 3.1% and assuming 2.5% have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis then 17,696 (44/100,000) are affected. Invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia and Candida peritonitis are probably uncommon. Tinea capitis infects 9.6% of children in Kenya, while fungal keratitis and otomycoses are difficult to estimate.
At any one time, about 7% of the Kenyan population suffers from a significant fungal infection, with recurrent vaginitis and tinea capitis accounting for 82% of the infections. These estimates require further epidemiological studies for validation.
肯尼亚是一个发展中国家，结核病发病率高，艾滋病毒感染负担适中。肯尼亚尚未公布关于真菌疾病负担的估计数据。
我们利用文献中特定的高危人群和真菌感染频率来估计严重真菌感染的全国发病率或患病率。使用的资料来源有：2010年世界卫生组织结核病统计数据、《2012年肯尼亚获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）疫情最新情况》、《2012年肯尼亚事实与数据》、《2008 - 2009年肯尼亚人口与健康调查》。
肯尼亚约4000万人口中，43%年龄在15岁以下，每年约有594,660名肯尼亚女性发生4次以上念珠菌性外阴阴道炎（每10万人中有2,988例）。有机会性感染风险的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者人数为48万，机会性感染估计包括30.6万例口腔念珠菌病患者（每10万人中有768例）、11.4万例食管念珠菌病患者（每10万人中有286例）、1.19万例隐球菌性脑膜炎患者（每10万人中有29例）以及1.7万例肺孢子菌肺炎患者（每10万人中有42例）。结核病后慢性肺曲霉病患病率为10,848例（每10万人中有32例）。成人哮喘患病率为3.1%，假设其中2.5%患有变应性支气管肺曲霉病，那么受影响人数为17,696例（每10万人中有44例）。侵袭性曲霉病、念珠菌血症和念珠菌性腹膜炎可能并不常见。肯尼亚9.6%的儿童感染头癣，而真菌性角膜炎和耳真菌病难以估计。
在任何时候，约7%的肯尼亚人口患有严重真菌感染，复发性阴道炎和头癣占感染病例的82%。这些估计需要进一步的流行病学研究来验证。
