Sherling Emma S, van Ooij Christiaan
The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2016 Sep;40(5):701-21. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuw016.
Malaria is caused by infection of erythrocytes by parasites of the genus Plasmodium To survive inside erythrocytes, these parasites induce sweeping changes within the host cell, one of the most dramatic of which is the formation of multiple membranous compartments, collectively referred to as the exomembrane system. As an uninfected mammalian erythrocyte is devoid of internal membranes, the parasite must be the force and the source behind the formation of these compartments. Even though the first evidence of the presence these of internal compartments was obtained over a century ago, their functions remain mostly unclear, and in some cases completely unknown, and the mechanisms underlying their formation are still mysterious. In this review, we provide an overview of the different parts of the exomembrane system, describing the parasitophorous vacuole, the tubovesicular network, Maurer's clefts, the caveola-vesicle complex, J dots and other mobile compartments, and the small vesicles that have been observed in Plasmodium-infected cells. Finally, we combine the data into a simplified view of the exomembrane system and its relation to the alterations of the host erythrocyte.
疟疾是由疟原虫属寄生虫感染红细胞引起的。为了在红细胞内生存，这些寄生虫会在宿主细胞内引发巨大变化，其中最显著的变化之一是形成多个膜性区室，统称为外膜系统。由于未感染的哺乳动物红细胞没有内膜，寄生虫必定是这些区室形成的驱动力和来源。尽管早在一个多世纪前就首次发现了这些内部区室的存在，但其功能大多仍不清楚，在某些情况下甚至完全未知，而且其形成机制仍然神秘。在这篇综述中，我们概述了外膜系统的不同部分，描述了寄生泡、管状囊泡网络、毛氏小体、小窝 - 囊泡复合体、J点和其他移动区室，以及在疟原虫感染细胞中观察到的小泡。最后，我们将这些数据整合为外膜系统及其与宿主红细胞变化关系的简化视图。
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