Okae M, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto Y, Fukui Y
Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
Forensic Sci Int. 1989 Jul;42(1-2):33-41. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(89)90196-5.
In order to examine the usefulness of blood cyanide concentrations as an indicator of whether or not a victim was alive at the start of a fire, blood cyanide concentrations were measured in the bodies that we autopsied in our institute between January 1986 and March, 1987. In the present study, bodies with advanced decomposition were excluded. Thirty-six bodies were included: cyanide as well as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were detected in four charred bodies found at the scene of a fire. On the other hand, cyanide was not detected in any of the remaining 30 bodies except in two cases suspected of having ingested a cyanide compound. Rats and rabbits were made to inhale the combustion products of various combinations of acrylic fiber (hydrogen cyanide generating material when heated) and gauze (carbon monoxide generating material when heated). The exposure to the combustion products was continued until death in the rat and until apnea in the rabbit. The concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the exposure chamber and that of blood cyanide, at the time the animal died, correlated with the amount of acrylic fiber heated. In addition to differences in blood COHb and cyanide concentrations, there were also differences in blood gas concentrations between the acrylic fiber and the gauze groups. When the rabbits were switched to room air after the occurrence of apnea, the blood gas value began to normalize.
为了检验血液中氰化物浓度作为火灾发生时受害者是否存活指标的有效性，我们对1986年1月至1987年3月间在本研究所进行尸检的尸体测量了血液中氰化物浓度。在本研究中，排除了高度腐败的尸体。共纳入36具尸体：在火灾现场发现的4具烧焦尸体中检测到了氰化物以及碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）。另一方面，在其余30具尸体中，除了两例怀疑摄入氰化物化合物的情况外，未检测到氰化物。让大鼠和兔子吸入丙烯酸纤维（加热时产生氰化氢的物质）和纱布（加热时产生一氧化碳的物质）不同组合的燃烧产物。持续暴露于燃烧产物中直至大鼠死亡、兔子呼吸暂停。动物死亡时，暴露室内氰化氢浓度和血液中氰化物浓度与加热的丙烯酸纤维量相关。除了血液中COHb和氰化物浓度存在差异外，丙烯酸纤维组和纱布组之间的血气浓度也存在差异。兔子呼吸暂停后切换至室内空气时，血气值开始恢复正常。
