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通过对海豆芽的实验性腐烂来检验寒武纪节肢动物的保存和系统发育。

Preservation and phylogeny of Cambrian ecdysozoans tested by experimental decay of Priapulus.

机构信息

School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 6;6:32817. doi: 10.1038/srep32817.

Abstract

The exceptionally preserved Cambrian fossil record provides unique insight into the early evolutionary history of animals. Understanding of the mechanisms of exceptional soft tissue preservation frames all interpretations of the fauna and its evolutionary significance. This is especially true for recent interpretations of preserved nervous tissues in fossil ecdysozoans. However, models of soft tissue preservation lack empirical support from actualistic studies. Here experimental decay of the priapulid Priapulus reveal consistent bias towards rapid loss of internal non-cuticular anatomy compared with recalcitrant cuticular anatomy. This is consistent with models of Burgess Shale-type preservation and indicates that internal tissues are unlikely to be preserved with fidelity if organically preserved. This pattern, along with extreme body margin distortion, is consistent with onychophoran decay, and is therefore resolved as general for early ecdysozoans. Application of these patterns to phylogenetic data finds scalidophoran taxa to be very sensitive to taphonomically informed character coding, but not panarthropodan taxa. Priapulid decay also have unexpected relevance for interpretation of myomeres in fossil chordates. The decay data presented serve not only as a test of models of preservation but also a framework with which to interpret ecdysozoan fossil anatomies, and the subsequent evolutionary inferences drawn from them.

摘要

寒武纪化石记录的异常保存为研究动物的早期进化历史提供了独特的视角。对特殊软组织保存机制的理解是对动物群及其进化意义进行所有解释的基础。对于最近在化石节肢动物中保存的神经组织的解释尤其如此。然而,软组织保存模型缺乏来自实际研究的经验支持。本研究通过实验研究了环节动物多毛纲 Priapulus 的腐烂过程,结果表明,与坚韧的角质层结构相比,内部非角质层结构更易快速丢失,这与伯吉斯页岩型保存模型一致,这表明如果有机保存,内部组织不太可能被真实地保存下来。这种模式,以及极端的身体边缘变形,与有爪动物的腐烂模式一致,因此可以确定这种模式是早期节肢动物的普遍现象。将这些模式应用于系统发育数据,发现鳞片类群对基于埋藏学信息的特征编码非常敏感,但环节动物和节肢动物的其他类群则不敏感。多毛纲动物的腐烂过程对解释化石脊索动物的肌节也有意外的启示。所提出的腐烂数据不仅可以作为保存模型的检验,而且还可以作为解释节肢动物化石解剖结构的框架,以及从这些结构中得出的后续进化推论。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/33f8/5011709/ac326226eb8d/srep32817-f1.jpg

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