Sensitivity of ocellar interneurons of the honeybee to constant and temporally modulated light.

Sinusoidally modulated and discrete light pulses, the parameters of which approximated natural light conditions, were used to determine the response characteristics of ocellar first-order interneurons of the worker honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica). Large ocellar interneurons which terminate within the brain (LB neurons) were recorded from intracellularly and were identified visually after dye injection. Absolute sensitivity of LB neurons to light flashes ranges from 4 X 10(9) quanta/cm2s (Q) for MOC1,7 neurons to 1 X 10(12) Q for MOC3,4. The slope of the response-intensity (R/I) functions, which were calculated for intensities between 2 X 10(9) and 4 X 10(13) Q, varies in different types of LB neurons. The strongest response is given by one group of median ocellar neurons. With constant light around 10(13) Q, most LB neurons exhibit oscillatory hyperpolarizations which, upon increasing the stimulus to even higher intensities (10(14)-10(15) Q), gradually evolve to a hyperpolarized plateau. The frequency of these oscillatory voltage fluctuations increases with the rate of modulation of the stimulating light and reaches maximum values at 5-15 Hz modulation frequency. Two groups of MOC neurons follow sinusoidally modulated light up to 32 +/- 8 Hz (n = 5) and 29 +/- 6 Hz (n = 3), respectively, whereas lateral ocellar neurons cut off at 17 +/- 5 Hz (n = 4). The possible role of LB neurons is discussed. They may be inactivated when the bee is flying in bright sunlight.