Cirpan Sibel, Yonguc Goksin Nilufer, Mas Nuket Gocmen, Aksu Funda, Orhan Magden Abdurrahman
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
J Craniofac Surg. 2016 Sep;27(6):1576-8. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000002822.
To investigate the detailed morphological and morphometric analysis of foramen magnum (FM) in dry cranii.
One hundred fifty skulls of unidentified sex were macroscopically examined and were photographed with Canon 400B (55 mm objective). According to tooth eruption of the skulls, they were accepted as adults. None of the examined skulls showed signs of prior cranial surgery, malformation, or trauma. The evaluated study parameters that were recorded with Vernier caliper in millimeter were as follows: antero-posterior diameter from Basion to Opisthion, transverse diameter (largest distance between the lateral margins of the FM), and the shape of the FM (Fig. 1). The shape of the FM was determined according to FM index that was calculated by dividing antero-posterior diameter by transverse diameter. When FM index was found greater than or equal to 1.2, the foramen was accepted to be oval in shape. Whereas the FM index was found less than 1.2, the foramen was accepted to be round in shape The area of the FM was calculated by using 2 different formulas as described previously by Radinsky (/4 × π × w × h) and Teixeira (π × {(h + w)/4}2), and "π" was accepted as 3.14 in both formulas.
The results of descriptive statistics and areas of the FMs were presented in Table 1. The mean antero-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of anteroposterior diameter by transverse diameters were found as 34.38 ± 2.38 and 28.95 ± 2.19, respectively. The mean area of the FMs estimated by Teixeria formula was determined significantly larger than the mean area of the FMs estimated by Radinsky formula (P <0.001). According to estimated FM index of the 150 adult dry skulls, 87 (58%) of skulls were described as being round in shape and 63 (42%) of skulls were described as being oval in shape (Fig. 1).
The surgeons must comprehend regarding the detailed morphological and morphometric features of FM to avoid vital complications during the surgical procedures.
研究干燥颅骨中枕骨大孔（FM）的详细形态学和形态测量学分析。
对150例性别不明的颅骨进行宏观检查，并用佳能400B相机（55毫米物镜）拍照。根据颅骨的牙齿萌出情况，将其视为成年人。所有检查的颅骨均未显示先前颅脑手术、畸形或外伤的迹象。用游标卡尺以毫米为单位记录的评估研究参数如下：从颅底点到枕骨大孔后缘的前后径、横径（枕骨大孔两侧边缘之间的最大距离）以及枕骨大孔的形状（图1）。枕骨大孔的形状根据枕骨大孔指数确定，该指数通过前后径除以横径计算得出。当枕骨大孔指数大于或等于1.2时，该孔被认为是椭圆形。而当枕骨大孔指数小于1.2时，该孔被认为是圆形。枕骨大孔的面积通过使用如Radinsky先前所述的2种不同公式（/4×π×宽×高）和Teixeira公式（π×{(高 + 宽)/4}²）计算得出，两个公式中“π”均取3.14。
描述性统计结果和枕骨大孔面积见表1。前后径与横径的平均前后径和横径分别为34.38±2.38和28.95±2.19。Teixeria公式估计的枕骨大孔平均面积明显大于Radinsky公式估计的枕骨大孔平均面积（P<0.001）。根据150个成人干燥颅骨的估计枕骨大孔指数，87个（58%）颅骨被描述为圆形，63个（42%）颅骨被描述为椭圆形（图1）。
外科医生必须了解枕骨大孔的详细形态学和形态测量学特征，以避免手术过程中的重大并发症。
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