Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2022;81(1):220-226. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0018. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
The foramen magnum (FM) is an important landmark because of its close relationship to key structures such as the brainstem and spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata. Because of the similarity in their shape, the existence of a relationship between cranial length and anteroposterior diameter of the FM, and between cranial width and transverse diameter of the FM may reveal the magnificent harmony of the skull and FM. Based on this idea, we investigated the existence of this harmony in skulls that we used in our study.
In this study, 60 adult dry skulls belonging to the Turkish population were examined. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum and the length and width of the skull were measured. Measurements were made directly on the skull using a digital sliding calliper. New indices and ratios were applied with those measurements.
Our study suggests that FM width and FM length could be estimated by using the cranial length and cranial width measurements in the skull by accepting the mean of these coefficients (4.62) as the golden ratio. The average of the coefficients of cranial width to FM width ratio (4.62 ± 0.35 [95% CI: 4.52-4.70]) and the average of the coefficients of cranial length to the FM length ratio (4.62 ± 0.50 [95% CI: 4.49-4.76]) were found to be equal to each other. In order to check the accuracy of this hypothesis, FM width and FM lengths were estimated with the help of new equations.
In the present study, the ratio between the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of both FM and the cranium was estimated at 4.62, indicating a magnificent harmony between cranial and subcranial structures. With this ratio, it is easy to estimate FM's size based on simple cranial measurements.
枕骨大孔（FM）是一个重要的地标，因为它与脑干和脊髓等关键结构密切相关，是延髓的延伸。由于它们形状相似，颅长与 FM 的前后径之间、颅宽与 FM 的横径之间可能存在关系，这可能揭示了颅骨和 FM 之间的宏伟和谐。基于这个想法，我们研究了我们在研究中使用的颅骨中这种和谐的存在。
本研究共检查了 60 具属于土耳其人群的成人干颅骨。测量了枕骨大孔的前后径和横径以及颅骨的长和宽。使用数字滑动卡尺直接在颅骨上进行测量。应用这些测量值计算了新的指数和比值。
我们的研究表明，通过接受这些系数的平均值（4.62）作为黄金比例，可以使用颅骨的颅长和颅宽测量值来估计 FM 的宽度和长度。颅宽与 FM 宽度比值的系数平均值（4.62±0.35[95%CI：4.52-4.70]）和颅长与 FM 长度比值的系数平均值（4.62±0.50[95%CI：4.49-4.76]）相等。为了检查这一假设的准确性，我们借助新方程来估计 FM 的宽度和长度。
在本研究中，FM 和颅骨的前后径与横径之比估计为 4.62，表明颅内外结构之间存在宏伟的和谐。通过这个比值，很容易根据简单的颅骨测量来估计 FM 的大小。
