Kibria Golam, Hossain Md Maruf, Mallick Debbrota, Lau T C, Wu Rudolf
School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
Institute of Marine Sciences & Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Chemosphere. 2016 Dec;165:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.121. Epub 2016 Sep 8.
Using innovative artificial mussels technology for the first time, this study detected eight heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn) on a regular basis in waterways across Bangladesh (Chittagong, Dhaka and Khulna). Three heavy metals, viz. Co, Cr and Hg were always below the instrumental detection levels in all the sites during the study period. Through this study, seven metal pollution "hot spots" have been identified, of which, five "hot spots" (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb) were located in the Buriganga River, close to the capital Dhaka. Based on this study, the Buriganga River can be classified as the most polluted waterway in Bangladesh compared to waterways monitored in Khulna and Chittagong. Direct effluents discharged from tanneries, textiles are, most likely, reasons for elevated concentrations of heavy metals in the Buriganga River. In other areas (Khulna), agriculture and fish farming effluents may have caused higher Cu, U and Zn in the Bhairab and Rupsa Rivers, whereas untreated industrial discharge and ship breaking activities can be linked to elevated Cd in the coastal sites (Chittagong). Metal pollution may cause significant impacts on water quality (irrigation, drinking), aquatic biodiversity (lethal and sub-lethal effects), food contamination/food security (bioaccumulation of metals in crops and seafood), human health (diseases) and livelihoods of people associated with wetlands.
本研究首次采用创新的人工贻贝技术，定期检测孟加拉国各地水道（吉大港、达卡和库尔纳）中的八种重金属（镉、铜、铁、锰、镍、铅、铀、锌）。在研究期间，钴、铬和汞这三种重金属在所有地点的含量始终低于仪器检测水平。通过这项研究，已确定了七个金属污染“热点”，其中五个“热点”（铜、铁、锰、镍、铅）位于靠近首都达卡的布里甘加河。基于这项研究，与库尔纳和吉大港监测的水道相比，布里甘加河可被归类为孟加拉国污染最严重的水道。制革厂、纺织厂直接排放的废水很可能是布里甘加河重金属浓度升高的原因。在其他地区（库尔纳），农业和养鱼业废水可能导致拜拉布河和鲁普沙河中的铜、铀和锌含量升高，而未经处理的工业排放和拆船活动可能与沿海地区（吉大港）镉含量升高有关。金属污染可能对水质（灌溉、饮用水）、水生生物多样性（致死和亚致死效应）、食品污染/粮食安全（金属在作物和海鲜中的生物累积）、人类健康（疾病）以及与湿地相关的人们的生计产生重大影响。
