Bizzarri Jacopo V, Casetti Valentina, Panzani Patrizia, Unterhauser Juliane, Mulas Stefania, Fanolla Antonio, Zitelli Claudia, Briani Alessandro, Giupponi Giancarlo, Maremmani Icro, Conca Andreas
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano, via Bohler 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Bolzano, via Bohler 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Compr Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;70:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Mental disorders are associated with an increased prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs). Despite this comorbidity being firmly established, alcohol and nicotine risky use and misuse are not routinely and systematically assessed in clinical practice.
The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of risky use of alcohol, alcohol use disorder (AUD), smoking, and nicotine use disorder in people with psychiatric diagnoses and their association with age, gender, and occupational functioning.
Participants were 210 patients from an inpatient psychiatric ward. Three self-reporting questionnaires were used: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Lübeck Alcoholism Screening Test (LAST), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).
Risky alcohol use or AUD was found in more than one third of patients and was more common in males than in females (p<0.01) and in young people as compared to older adults (p=0.04). Current nicotine consumption concerned over a half participants and was significantly associated with risky alcohol use and AUD (p<0.01). Patients with current SUD had the highest prevalence of both smoking (80%) and alcohol misuse (80%). Low occupational functioning was associated with both alcohol use (p=0.02) and concurrent alcohol and SUDs (p=0.03).
Both alcohol and nicotine risky use and misuse are highly prevalent in people with psychiatric disorders and their concurrent abuse is common. The simultaneous use of different screening questionnaires allows the identification not only of people with frank use disorders, but also those with harmful use, facilitating early detection of people at risk.
精神障碍与物质使用障碍（SUDs）患病率的增加相关。尽管这种共病关系已得到明确证实，但在临床实践中，酒精和尼古丁的危险使用及滥用情况并未得到常规和系统的评估。
本研究旨在调查患有精神疾病的人群中酒精危险使用、酒精使用障碍（AUD）、吸烟及尼古丁使用障碍的患病率，以及它们与年龄、性别和职业功能的关联。
研究对象为来自一家住院精神科病房的210名患者。使用了三份自我报告问卷：酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）、吕贝克酒精中毒筛查测试（LAST）和尼古丁依赖弗格斯特罗姆测试（FTND）。
超过三分之一的患者存在酒精危险使用或酒精使用障碍，男性比女性更常见（p<0.01），年轻人比老年人更常见（p=0.04）。超过一半的参与者目前有尼古丁消费行为，且与酒精危险使用和酒精使用障碍显著相关（p<0.01）。目前患有物质使用障碍的患者吸烟（80%）和酒精滥用（80%）的患病率最高。低职业功能与酒精使用（p=0.02）以及同时存在的酒精和物质使用障碍（p=0.03）相关。
酒精和尼古丁的危险使用及滥用在患有精神疾病的人群中非常普遍，且同时滥用的情况很常见。同时使用不同的筛查问卷不仅可以识别出有明显使用障碍的人群，还能识别出有害使用的人群，有助于早期发现有风险的人群。
