Reif Molly K, Theel Heather J
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise, Kiln, Mississippi.
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg Mississippi.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2017 Jul;13(4):614-630. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1847. Epub 2016 Oct 22.
Restoration monitoring is generally perceived as costly and time consuming, given the assumptions of successfully restoring ecological functions and services of a particular ecosystem or habitat. Opportunities exist for remote sensing to bolster the restoration science associated with a wide variety of injured resources, including resources affected by fire, hydropower operations, chemical releases, and oil spills, among others. In the last decade, the role of remote sensing to support restoration monitoring has increased, in part due to the advent of high-resolution satellite sensors as well as other sensor technology, such as lidar. Restoration practitioners in federal agencies require monitoring standards to assess restoration performance of injured resources. This review attempts to address a technical need and provides an introductory overview of spatial data and restoration metric considerations, as well as an in-depth review of optical (e.g., spaceborne, airborne, unmanned aerial vehicles) and active (e.g., radar, lidar) sensors and examples of restoration metrics that can be measured with remotely sensed data (e.g., land cover, species or habitat type, change detection, quality, degradation, diversity, and pressures or threats). To that end, the present article helps restoration practitioners assemble information not only about essential restoration metrics but also about the evolving technological approaches that can be used to best assess them. Given the need for monitoring standards to assess restoration success of injured resources, a universal monitoring framework should include a range of remote sensing options with which to measure common restoration metrics. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:614-630. Published 2016. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
鉴于成功恢复特定生态系统或栖息地的生态功能和服务这一假设，恢复监测通常被认为成本高昂且耗时。遥感技术为加强与各种受损资源相关的恢复科学提供了机会，这些资源包括受火灾、水电运营、化学物质泄漏和石油泄漏等影响的资源。在过去十年中，遥感技术在支持恢复监测方面的作用有所增强，部分原因是高分辨率卫星传感器以及激光雷达等其他传感器技术的出现。联邦机构中的恢复从业者需要监测标准来评估受损资源的恢复绩效。本综述试图满足一项技术需求，提供空间数据和恢复指标考量的入门概述，以及对光学传感器（如星载、机载、无人机）和主动传感器（如雷达、激光雷达）的深入综述，还有可通过遥感数据测量的恢复指标示例（如土地覆盖、物种或栖息地类型、变化检测、质量、退化、多样性以及压力或威胁）。为此，本文不仅帮助恢复从业者收集有关基本恢复指标的信息，还收集有关可用于最佳评估这些指标的不断发展的技术方法的信息。鉴于需要监测标准来评估受损资源的恢复成功情况，一个通用的监测框架应包括一系列用于测量常见恢复指标的遥感选项。《综合环境评估与管理》2017年；13:614 - 630。2016年发表。本文为美国政府作品，在美国属于公共领域。
