Fraguas-Sánchez A I, Fernández-Carballido A, Torres-Suárez A I
a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
b Institute of Industrial Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016 Nov;25(11):1311-1323. doi: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1236913. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
The term 'cannabinoids' designates a family of compounds with activity upon cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids are classified in three groups: phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and the synthetic analogues of both groups. They have become a promising tool in the treatment of cancer disease, not only as palliative agents, but also as antitumor drugs, due to their ability to inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of tumour cells. Two of the cancers where they have shown high anticancer activity are breast and prostate tumours. Despite this potential clinical interest, several studies have also reported that cannabinoids can stimulate the proliferation of cancer cells at very low concentrations. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to evaluate the promising chemotherapeutic utility of phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids in breast and prostate cancer. Expert opinion: Cannabinoids, in particular the non-psychoactive CBD, may be promising tools in combination therapy for breast and prostate cancer, due to their direct antitumor effects, their ability to improve the efficacy of conventional antitumor drugs and their usefulness as palliative treatment. Nevertheless, deeper studies to fully establish the mechanisms responsible for their antitumour and pro-tumour properties and their formulation in efficient delivery systems remain to be established.
术语“大麻素”指的是一类对大麻素受体具有活性的化合物。大麻素分为三类：植物大麻素、内源性大麻素以及这两类的合成类似物。由于它们具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、黏附、迁移、侵袭和血管生成的能力，大麻素已成为治疗癌症的一种有前景的工具，不仅可作为姑息治疗药物，还可作为抗肿瘤药物。它们已显示出高抗癌活性的两种癌症是乳腺癌和前列腺癌。尽管有这种潜在的临床价值，但也有几项研究报告称，大麻素在极低浓度下可刺激癌细胞增殖。涵盖领域：本综述的目的是评估植物大麻素、内源性大麻素和合成大麻素在乳腺癌和前列腺癌中有前景的化疗效用。专家观点：大麻素，尤其是无精神活性的大麻二酚（CBD），可能是乳腺癌和前列腺癌联合治疗中有前景的工具，这是由于它们的直接抗肿瘤作用、提高传统抗肿瘤药物疗效的能力以及作为姑息治疗的效用。然而，仍需进行更深入的研究，以全面确定其抗肿瘤和促肿瘤特性的机制，以及在高效递送系统中的制剂。
