Mysliwa-Kurdziel Beata, Solymosi Katalin
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2017;17(13):1173-1193. doi: 10.2174/1389557516666160912180155.
Open tetrapyrroles termed phycobilins represent the major photosynthetic accessory pigments of several cyanobacteria and some eukaryotic algae such as the Glaucophyta, Cryptophyta and Rhodophyta. These pigments are covalently bound to so-called phycobiliproteins which are in general organized into phycobilisomes on the thylakoid membranes.
OBJECTIVE & METHODS: In this work we first briefly describe the physico-chemical properties, biosynthesis, occurrence, in vivo localization and roles of the phycobilin pigments and the phycobiliproteins. Then the potential applications and uses of these pigments, pigment-protein complexes and related products by the food industry (e.g., as LinaBlue® or the so-called spirulina extract used as coloring food), by the health industry or as fluorescent dyes are critically reviewed.
In addition to the stability, bioavailability and safety issues of purified phycobilins and phycobiliproteins, literature data about their antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and neuroprotective effects, and their potential use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) are also discussed.
被称为藻胆素的开放四吡咯是几种蓝细菌以及一些真核藻类（如蓝藻、隐藻和红藻）的主要光合辅助色素。这些色素与所谓的藻胆蛋白共价结合，藻胆蛋白通常在类囊体膜上组装成藻胆体。
在这项工作中，我们首先简要描述藻胆素色素和藻胆蛋白的物理化学性质、生物合成、存在情况、体内定位及作用。然后对食品工业（如作为丽蓝®或所谓的螺旋藻提取物用作食用色素）、健康产业或作为荧光染料对这些色素、色素 - 蛋白复合物及相关产品的潜在应用和用途进行了批判性综述。
除了纯化藻胆素和藻胆蛋白的稳定性、生物利用度和安全性问题外，还讨论了有关它们的抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎、免疫调节、肝保护、肾保护和神经保护作用的文献数据，以及它们在光动力疗法（PDT）中的潜在用途。
